ALEJANDROS POIKILA / ALEKSANDROS POIKILA

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Elias Kapetanopoulos

Professor Dr. (Greece-Rome)

Department of History

Central Connecticut State University

New Britain, CT 06050-4010 (USA)

Telephone:

(860) 832-2820 (office)

(860) 832-2804 (fax)

(860) 229-9960 (home)

E-mail: Kapetanopoulos@ccsu.edu

Web site: www.history.ccsu.edu/elias/elias.htm

Areas of Research: Attic epigraphy-Athenian institutions of the Roman period (200 B.C.-3rd c. A.D.), and early Makedon(ia)/Makedones.

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CENTER FOR ATHENIAN-MAKEDONIAN STUDIES:

MAKEDONIS ST' > MAKEDONIS VI

ALEJANDROS > ALEXANDER = POIKILA > POIKILA

[20 Noembr€ou 1999 > 20 Nov. 1999 =] 19 Ma˝ou 2009 > 19 May 2009

A reconstruction of Deinokrates’ plan of sculpting Athos into Alexander from the Archive of Maps of the National Map Gallery and the Collection of the Mt. Athos/Agioreitikes Map Gallery. The photograph has been scanned from KAYHMERINH, KOINVNIA, 28 MA:I:OU 2006, sel. 32, Thw GIVTAS MURTSIVTH [05-06-2006].

Alexander by Theophilos of Mytilene/Lesbos (Popular Art).

Nikos Engonopoulos’ Alexander-Pavlos Melas (1977). KAYHMERINH, EPTA HMERES, KURIAKH 17 OKTVBRIOU 2004, 3. This particular painting is mentioned, for example, by Ian Worthington in his <<How ‘Great’ was Alexander?>> in AHB 13.2 (1999) 41. Alexander is represented with his left arm around Pavlos Melas’ shoulder(s). Melas/ M€khw Z°zaw (nom de plume) is the romantic/heroized hero of the Macedonian Struggle (MakedonikÚw ÉAg≈naw), who was killed at Statitsa/Statista/now Melas on the 13^th [/26^th] of October 1904, near Mikre Prespa, between Kastoria and Phlorina [EPTA HMERES, map on 15] (his position having been betrayed, Melas was mortally wounded in the clash that followed with Ottoman Turkish soldiers; his body was first buried at Statitsa, and from there headless in the courtyard of the Taxiarches small church at Kastoria; the head was cut off to avoid recognition and abuse). A dhmotikÚ/popular song memorialized Melas’ untimely death: <<Sån t°toia ≈ra sto bounÒ / o PaÊlow plhgvm°now / mew sto nerÒ tou aulakioÊ / Ætane japlvm°now. / ktl. [reproduced in EPTA HMERES, 2 and 27]. Melas is depicted faceless, as other figures in surrealist Engonopoulos’ paintings, but not Alexander whose helmet does not entirely obscure his facial features, such as eye and nose, discernible between the helmet’s <<facial>> opening. Engonopoulos’ faceless figures find an explanation in his poem ÉElmpassån [online, www.engonopoulos.gr/_homeEL/poem06.html, with an English translation in the English version of <<his>>/daughter’s web page, www.engonopoulos.gr, Epim°leia Erri°tth EggonopoÊlou]. Toward the end of the poem, Engonopoulos writes <<he saw people without eyes >> who <<disappeared like a dream as they turned the corner, only to reappear at the other corner in their sinister promenade>> [paraphrased] (Oﬂ ênyrvpoi aÈto‹ d¢n e‰xan mãtia! ..., p≈w mÒliw ¶striban tÆ gv/niã, xanÒntousan sãn ˆneiro... XanÒntousan, giå nå janafa/nervyoËn, pãle, stÆn êllh gvniã, épÉ ˜pou e‰xan jekinÆsei, / nå sunex€soun étãraxoi tÚ épa€sio sergiãni touw); and the poem ends, Kamiãn émfibol€a d° xvroËse piã. Miãn énÆkousth épã/th paizÒtan eﬁw bãrow mou. Katãlaba p≈w e‰xa p°sei én€deo / yËma miçw aﬁsxr∞w ka‹ tromerçw plektãnhw. ÉAm°svw énelo/g€syhn tÒ m°geyow toË ˜lou sfãlmatÒw mou, kãyhsa xãmv / ka€ ¶klaca pikrã.

ToË MPOST, KAYHMERINH, EPTA HMERES, KuriakÆ, 18 Ma˝ou 2003, sel. 5.

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ZEI ı basileÁw ÉAl°jandrow; Ze›.

From ERT Sat, Wednesday, 25 August 2004, between 9:30 and 9:44 PM, ALHYINA SENARIA, dhmosiografikØ parous€ash, N€kow Aslan€dhw, presenting ecotourist (oﬁkotourismÚw) facilities in the area of Basil€tsa-Polun°ri, NomÚw Greben«n, and the cave t«n Numf«n was mentioned, where Alexander spent time planning his campaigns in the East [a sÆragga=s∞ragj=tunnel also led down to the river below], as a local man so stated [see TUMFAIA, under http://www.history.ccsu.edu/elias/MakBibliogrMerosB.htm]. The scene then shifted to Mt. Pangaion=Pagga›on and the <<dasikÚ xvriÒ>> of about 15 finnish-type houses; a spÆlaion=cave there is called/identified as <<tÚ metalle›o toË ÉAl°jandrou>> [again as a local man said].

ON the same theme, a new legend about Alexander is being created/circulated in Pentalophos, ancient Orestis, because of finds in the area [under http://www.history.ccsu.edu/elias/TaliarosA.htm in this web site], namely that Alexander trained his soldiers in the area, because of the high altitude/cool weather and the •lonos€a=malaria that the Makedones would have had to face in the area of Pella [this writer heard it from the friend who imagined it, name omitted (first time, 22-8-04)].

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MAKEDONIKO PRAKTOREIO EIDHSEVN, TRITH, 1 IOUNIOU 2004

[Online]: MEGALH EKYESH GIA TO MEGA ALEJANDRO TO DEKEMBRIO TOU 2004 STH NEA UORKH/ N°a UÒrkh, 29 Ma˝ou,2004 (20:14 UTC+2). DhmÆtrhw PantermalÆw, énaforã, <<Al°jandrow basileÊw MakedÒnvn>>, Vnãseio PolitistikÒ K°ntro, <<OlÊmpik Tãouer>>.

Treasures from an Epic Era of Hellenism: <<Great Alexander in New York>> by Mark Rose in Archaeology, 13 January 2005 [Online: http://www.archaeology.org/online/reviews/alex_exh.html]. ERT Sat, ParaskeuÆ, 25 ÉIoun€ou 2004, below.

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O Al°jandrow tou RÆga, ELEUYEROTUPIA, ellãda, EPIMELEIA: GIVRGOS KIOUSHS =

http://www.enet.gr/online/online_text/c=112,dt=20.09.2006,id=53207796,58869876,75158004,81602420,95784180 [23 Septembr€ou 2006].

Rhegas’ Alexander, <<Xalkograf€a tou Megãlou Alejãndrou (1797)>>. TO BHMA, N°ew Epox°w, B€blouw katã barbãrvn, MANOLHS SABBIDHS, KURIAKH 23 IANOUARIOU 2005 [Online].

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Alexander in Stone. By chance, <<The GreekAmerican>>, JULY 7-8 2001, 21. <<Building

a monument to the Macedonian King>> (by Christopher Xenopoulos Janus). <<The carving of Alexander the Great’s head out of a marbled {=maabrled} mountain in the Asprovalta {=Asprovatta} region of Thessaloniki is expected to be completed by the year 2004>>, under the photograph of the mountain. Also a photograph of Alexander’s head out of the <<carved yet mountain>> [or how it would look when completed]. This is an area where <<Makedonismos>> is alive.

TO BHMA, NEES EPOXES, 20-10-2002 [KvdikÒw ãryrou: B13694B581] (Online): APOLITISTA MONOTONIKA / O ep€ tou Òrouw Al°jandrow / NÉ afÆsei Æsuxo o glÊpthw to bounÒ, giat€ ftãnei pou apotele€ mnhme€o thw Êbrhw enÒw ãllou basiliã [D. N. MARVNITHS].

TO BHMA, NEES EPOXES, 03-11-2002 [KvdikÒw ãryrou: B13705B561] (Online): Ellhnoamerikanikã tert€pia / * Kane€w den parãggeile ston glÊpth to megaloprep°w ãgalma: to pros°fere o €diow [D. N. MARVNITHS].

THE NEW YORK TIMES=Greece in Print No. 172 – September 2002, 20, 24, by Anthee Carassava: Plan for Alexander Statue Too Great for Many Greeks.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, T°xnew, 12/05/2003 [Online}: Ki ãlla d≈ra apÒ thnarxaiÒthta (érxaiologik¢w énakoin≈seiw épÚ tØn ÉArxaiologikØn ÑEtaire€an): <<.... kai xaraktÆrise [=B. PETRAKOS, gen. grammateÁw] <<sobarÒ zÆthma>> thn °kyesh tou Berol€nou ... kai thn anaggel€a thw lãjeushw thw protomÆw tou Megal°jandrou se bounÒ thw Makedon€aw>>. (BASILHS ROUBALHS)

AGALMA/ANDRIAS ALEJANDROU. ELEUYEROTUPIA, TEXNES,

TRITH, 14/05/02 [online]: O andriãntaw tou M. Alejãndrou sthn P°lla/ ApÉ to xartzil€ki tvn paidi«n [t«n sxole€vn]. ÉApokaluptÆria: 25 Ma˝ou 2002.

Alexander equestrian statue, Pella [over 6 meters with base, with winged victory in his right hand]. Reproduced from ELEUYEROTUPIA [double size].

FÊllo KuriakÆw, 05 - 10 – 2008 [Online]: O Megal°jandrow tvn Ayhn≈n, Tou TASOU TSAKIROGLOU Fvt.: P. PETROPOULOS.

TO BHMAonline, ToãlloBHMA, KuriakÆ 26 Oktvbr€ou 2008 – Ar. FÊllou 15495, ADIAFORIA / O kÆpow me tÉ agãlmata, MARIA YERMOU.

AYHNAIKO PRAKTOREIO EIDHSEVN, 15/10/2002 [Online]: O K.

StefanÒpoulow sta egka€nia thw biblioyÆkhw Alejãndreiaw [xãlkinh protomØ toË Megãlou ÉAlejãndrou toË glÊpth Giãnnh Pappç xãrise tÚ Ípourge›o PolitismoË].

ASPIDA ALEJANDROU, ELEUYEROTUPIA, Tetãrth, 09-11-2005, t°xnew [Online]: N¢a asp‹da gia ton M¢ga Al¢jandro

/ Antikataståyhke xyew h asp‹da pou, Úpvw fa‹netai, eklåph, st‹w arx¢w Oktvbr‹ou, apÚ to ågalma tou Megålou Alejåndrou, sth n¢a paral‹a thw Yessalon‹khw:

ekathimerini.com=Tuesday November 8, 2005 – Archive: <<Alexander shielded / One of the three shields that was stolen from the statue

of Alexander the Great ... was replaced yesterday ... The Municipality of Thessaloniki commissioned sculptor Evangelos Moustakas, who built the statue, to make a replacement shield ... Moustakas placed the shield at the site on the city’s waterfront himself.>>

EYNOSonline, t°xnew, 23/5/2008: O M°gaw Al°jandrow... thw Ital€aw / Me y°ma th zvÆ tou h °kyesh tajideÊei ed≈ kai kairÒ kur€vw se x≈rew pou sxet€zontai me thn

ekstrate€a tou. / H zvÆ tou Megãlou Alejãndrou e€nai to y°ma periodikÆw °kyeshw pou ya filojenhye€ sto ArxaiologikÒ Mouse€o Yessalon€khw [TITLOS: <<M°gaw

Al°jandrow: Erga apÒ tiw Sullog°w thw Makedon€aw kai eikonograf€a tou mÊyou sthn Ital€a>>].

ELEUYEROTUPIA, ParaskeuØ 29/05/98, TEXNES (online): Kontå ston tãfo tou M. Alejãndrou.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, Deut°ra 29/11/1999 (online), ELLADA: PERSEPOLH.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, ParaskeuÆ, 1/6/2001 [TEXNES, online]: O tãfow tou Megal°jandrou [F. Mp.]

Presentation of the 2^nd improved edition of <<O IIow basilikÒw tãfow thw Berg€naw apokalÊptei ton M°ga Al°jandro>> (ekd. <<Yessalon€kh>>) by Triantãfullow D. Papaz≈hw, [dutiko] MakedÒnaw, pr≈hn strativtikÚw ka‹ melethtØw t∞w Berg€naw katå tØn 10€an toË É90. Previously published in 1993 under the title <<Ston F€lippo BÉ Æ ston M°ga Al°jandro anÆkei o basilikÒw tãfow thw Berg€naw;>>.

Thesis, as reported by F. Mp.: Tomb II does not belong to Philip II, but to Arridaios Philippos [this writer: as some others maintain, but there are serious obstacles to this view]. Philip II was buried in Tomb III. Later Antigonos Gonatas modified Tomb II and Alexander and Roxane were reburied there, as was Alexander IV, Alexander’s and Roxane’s son, in Tomb III.

Gordiod°smia.

Reproduced herein, under Makedonis I: Alexandros-Philippos-Kleitos o Melas.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, TRITH 16 OKTVBRIOU 2001: Sth Berg€na o tãfow tou

M. Alejãndrou! / Uposthr€zei o ereunhtÆw Tr. Papaz≈hw (ÍpÚ S. APOSTOLAKH). Eﬁk≈n: ÉAl°jandrow-Bouk°falow (Pompeii mosaic).

FVTOTUPIA.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, PEMPTH 13 DEKEMBRIOU 2001, TEXNES : O

<<M°gaw Al°jandrow>> tou Arãph sth MÒsxa/ To n°o °rgo tou suny°th DhmÆtrh D. Arãph <<M°gaw Al°jandrow>> ya parousiãsei se pagkÒsmia pr≈th h SumfvnikÆ tou Yeãtrou MpolsÒi, ……… T°low, o <<M°gaw Al°jandrow>> °xei sumperilhfye€ sto repertÒrio thw SumfvnikÆw OrxÆstraw tou yeãtrou MpolsÒi gia tiw periode€ew stiw HPA kai thn Apv AnatolÆ thn per€odo 2002-2003. [E-ONLINE]

ELEUYEROTUPIA, Deut°ra, 7/01/2002, T°xnew (E-ONLINE): <<Al°jandrow, o M°gaw>>, epitux€a sto MpolsÒi.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, PARASKEUH, 31-05-2002, TEXNES [E-ONLINE]: Sta

bÆmata tou M. Alejãndrou [ı Michael Wood stØn thleÒrash].

ET-3. 8 Septembr€ou 2002, KuriakÆ, 12:30. O M. Al°jandrow …… sth DutikØ

T°xnh [14ow–19ow ai≈naw]. ÖErga toË RafaÆl, Peter Paul Rubens, Honore Dannier, et alii [épÚ tå piÚ diãshma mouse›a t∞w EÈr≈phw]. Parous€asiw: Hl€aw Panãw.

H KAYHMERINH, KuriakØ 21 SEPTEMBRIOU 1997, 39: Advertisement by the

ORGANISMOS POLITISTIKHS PRVTEUOUSAS THS EURVPHS-YESSALONIKH 1997: "O M°gaw Al°jandrow sthn EurvpaÛkÆ T°xnh" - an ¶kyesiw (exhibition), exhibiting works by Le Brun, Antoine Coypel, Parmigianini, Preti, Tiepolo, Fontebasso, Solimena, Rubens, et alii.

H KAYHMERINH, KuriakØ 25 April€ou 1999, 49: Zei o basiliåw Al°jandrow.

H KAYHMERINH, PARASKEUH 12 OKTVBRIOU 2001, 7 (EPIKAIROTHTA).

H zvÆ me touw Kalãw, touw <<Ellhnew>> tou Pakistan / Anephr°astoi apÒ ton axÒ tou pol°mou, miloÊn gia touw MakedÒnew progÒnouw touw kai zoun thr≈ntaw kai tim≈ntaw tiw paradÒseiw touw (thw XRISTIANAS STULOU).

H KAYHMERINH, KuriakØ 14 OKTVBRIOU 2001, 4 (T°xnew & Grãmmata):

UPOYESEIS, tou PANTELH MPOUKALA: ApÒ ton Al°jandro ton MakedÒna ston Armagedd≈na (tÒte ka‹ nËn, sugkr€seiw).

H KAYHMERINH, KuriakØ 25 NOEMBRIOU 2001, T°xnew & Grãmmata, 12: H

ai≈nia gohte€a tou Megãlou Alejãndrou/ DÊo n°ew ekdÒseiw prosegg€zoun thn prosvphkÒthta tou parãjenou katakthtÆ o opo€ow, ep€ polloÊw ai≈new, prokale€ at°rmonew suzhtÆseiw/ Tou Daniel Rondeau/ L’ Express. EﬁkÒna: O M°gaw Al°jandrow sth mãxh thw IssoÊ. ChfidvtÒ thw Pomph€aw, ant€grafo °rgou tou FilÒjenou tou Eretri°a (Neãpolh, EynikÒ Mouse€o). Parousiãzei dÊo bibl€a giå tÚn ÉAl°jandron /Presents two books on Alexander:

Claude Mossé, Alexandre, la destinée d’ un mythe, ekd. Payot [Klont Mos°, to <<Peprvm°no enÒw mÊyou>>]

Janick Auberger, Historiens d’ Alexandre, ekd. Les Belles Lettres [Zan€k Omperz°, <<Istoriko€ tou Alejãndrou>>, epilogÆ-metãfrash]

H KAYHMERINH, PolitismÒw, ParaskeuÆ, 22 Febrouar€ou 2002 [On-line]:

Treiw kai °naw Megal°jandroi. Tre›w tain€ew ka‹ m€a thleoptikØ seirå per‹ ÉAlejãndrou [three movies and a TV mini-serial about Alexander [Oliver Stone, Martin Scorceze-Leonardo di Caprio, Mel Gibson (HBO)], and a fourth under consideration (Dino de Laurentis)]. ÑH toË ÉAlejãndrou époy°vsiw.

H KAYHMERINH, PolitismÒw, Tetãrth, 16 Oktvbr€ou 2002 [Online]: Sth

BiblioyÆkh thw Alejãndreiaw [protomØ toË Megãlou ÉAlejãndrou toË glÊpth Giãnnh Pappç (d«ron toË Ípourge€ou PolitismoË)].

MAKEDONIKO PRAKTOREIO EIDHSEVN, 15 Oktvbr€ou 2002 [Online]:

ERGO TOU GIANNH PAPPA PROSFEREI STH BIBLIOYHKH THS ALEJANDREIAS TO UPPO [protomØ toË Megãlou ÉAlejãndrou].

MAKEDONIKO PRAKTOREIO EIDHSEVN, 18 Oktvbr€ou 2002 [Online]:

EGKAINIA TOU AGALMATOS TOU M. ALEJANDROU (Alexandria, Egypt).

PALIN O TAFOS TOU ALEJANDROU. ELEUYEROTUPIA, TEXNES

[Online, 13/05/2002]: Per€ ton tãfo tou M. Alejãndrou/ Mia apãnthsh se sxÒlio kai mia antapãnthsh. Liãna SoubaltzÆ, O Tãfow tou Megãlou Alejãndrou sthn Òash S€oua [§kdÒthw: Advniw A. Gevrgiãdhw].

TA NEA, 09-03-1999, PANORAMA: Anazhtvntaw ton Al°jandro… (online).

TA NEA, 14-06-2001, Sel. P07 [online: Kvd. ãryrou: A17063P072]: Cãxnontaw

me thn kãmera gia ton tãfo tou Megãlou Alejãndrou [Brabeum°no ntokimant°r].

TA NEA, 25-10-2001, Sel. R12 [KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17176R121]. M°gaw e€sai

Al°jandre! Movies to be made about Alexander, with Leonardo di Caprio, etc.

TO BHMA, NEES EPOXES, 31-12-2000: I. STOGIAS, H xrusØ klhronomiå

tou Megãlou Alejãndrou [online: B13156B131].

ELEUYEROTUPIA, T°xnew, 16/01/2003 [Online]: Erxetai biogrãfow tou M.

Alejãndrou [≤ Gall‹w Klont Mos°: <<Al°jandrow, to peprvm°no enÒw mÊyou>>]. ÉAnt€baron t«n taini«n.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, T°xnew, 22/01/2003 (Online): Me d°ow gia ton M.

Al°jandro [BAS. ROU.]. TÚ bibl€o t∞w Klont Mos° (stå •llhnikã): << Al°jandrow. To peprvm°no enÒw mÊyou>>.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, TEXNES [Online, 08/02/2003]: Paidiã sta €xnh tou M.

Alejãndrou. <<Ta €xnh tou Megãlou Alejãndrou kaloÊntai na anazhtÆsoun paidiã hlik€aw 5 ≈w 12 et≈n thn KuriakÆ 16 Febrouar€ou m°sa apÒ to n°o diadrastikÒ d€sko tou IdrÊmatow Me€zonow EllhnismoÊ <<Anazht≈ntaw ton M°ga Al°jandro>>. …>>.

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 10-02-2003, Sel. P23 [KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17561P232].

GamÆlio taj€di sta bÆmata tou Megãlou Alejãndrou (PARASKEUH KATAMERTZH). BIBLION (LEUKVMA): Kvnstant€now Mhtsãkhw, klp., <<Sta xnãria tou Megãlou Alejãndrou. OdoiporikÒ ston x≈ro kai thn Istor€a>> (EkdÒseiw Tsãllhw. Sel. 176. 38 eur≈).

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 17-03-2003, Sel. P25 [KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17590P253]

(Online): <<Pagkosmiopo€sh>> kai M°gaw Al°jandrow [ÍpÒ ANTVNH SANOUDAKH, dra. toË Panepisthm€ou Yessalon€khw – suggraf°a].

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 06-05-2003, Sel. P22 [KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17629P221]

(Online): ÄElleich enzÊmou n€khse ton M°ga Al°jandro [Lack of an enzyme killed Alexander], as argued by four Greek university medical scholars [3 of psychiatry -1 of medical history]. Their views will be published in Addiction History 98 [a British medical journal], as reported by STEFANOS KRIKKHS.

TA NEA, BIBLIODROMIO, 17-05-2003, Sel. P31 [KvdikÒw ãryrou:

A17639P311] (Online): H Klont Mos° jeskepãzei thn cuxopayolog€a maw / Zei o basiliãw Al°jandrow; [TAKHS YEODVROPOULOS]

The cue for Theodoropoulos’ comments/criticisms therein is, it appears, Claude Mosse’s ALEJANDROS TO PEPRVMENO ENOS MUYOU [translated from the French into Greek (by STAUROS BDONTAKHS) and published (by EKD. PAPADHMA) in 2002].

KIÉ OMVS O ALEJANDROS TO MEGA SUMBOLON TOU ELLHNIKOU.

KAYHMERINH, ParaskeuÆ, 30 MaÛou 2003 [Online]: M°gaw Al°jandrow sthn

Iapvn€a / Megãlh °kyesh, kaloka€ri kai fyinÒpvro, sto Mouse€o tou TÒkio kai se ãllew pÒleiw (Thw Givtaw Sukka), me t€tlo <<Al°jandrow o M°gaw – Politistik°w sx°seiw AnatolÆw kai DÊshw, apÒ thn Ellãda ≈w thn Iapvn€a>>. [Alexander exhibition in Japan]

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Pausanias, Korinthiaka II.1.5: ka‹ ˜yen m¢n diorÊssein ≥rjanto d∞lÒn §stin, §w d¢ tÚ petr«dew oÈ proex≈rhsan érxÆn: m°nei d¢ …w pefÊkei ka‹ nËn ≥peirow \n. ÉAlejãndrƒ te t“ Fil€ppou diaskãcai M€manta §yelÆsanti mÒnon toËto oÈ proex≈rhse tÚ ¶rgon: Knid€ouw d¢ ≤ Puy€a tÚn ﬁsymÚn ÙrÊssontaw ¶pausen. oÏtv xalepÚn ényr≈pƒ tå ye›a biãsasyai.

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Tain€a/f€lm (Film)/ALLA(Other)/YANATOS (Death)

ELEUYEROTUPIA, T°xnew, Tr€th 31 Dekembr€ou 2002 [Online]: O Ol.

StÒoun °toimow na gur€sei tain€a, Òpou y€getai kai h upotiy°menh omofulofil€a tou / Olotax≈w gia ton M. Al°jandro.

The Guardian, under THE AGE below.

TA NEA, 02-01-2002 [Sel.: P17 / KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17529P171 (Online)]: Man€a… Megal°jandrou.

MAKEDONIKO PRAKTOREIO EIDHSEVN, 2 Ianouar€ou 2003 [Online]: EJI TAINIES GIA TON MEGA ALEJANDRO.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, T°xnew, 08/01/2003 [Online]: Er≈thsh sth BoulÆ gia ton M. Al°jandro [ten bouleutes call for the intervention of both the Cultural and Foreign Affairs Ministries to protect the legacy that Alexander has left us Greeks: <<gia thn uperãspish thw politistikÆw kai istorikÆw klhronomiãw pou maw ãfhse h zvÆ kai to °rgo tou M. Alejãndrou>>].

Economist [non vidi] = EYNIKOS KHRUJ (National Herald, New York), PEMPTH 9 IANOUARIOU 2003, 12: O <<EkÒnomist>> gia AyÆna, Omog°neia kai M°ga Al°jandro.

TO BHMA, TO ãllo BHMA, 12-01-2003/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: B13761C111 [Online]: kinhmatogrãfow/ Janaze€ o basiliãw Al°jandrow; / En≈ to XÒligount orgiãzei me thn ellhnikÆ muyolog€a, °naw bretanÒw istorikÒw [=RÒmpin LÆin Foj] uposthr€zei Òti h katã/ Oliber StÒoun kinhmatografikÆ tain€a gia ton ellhna strathlãth e€nai eke€nh pou ya aj€zei pragmatikã ta/ leftã thw. Sel. G10 XARA KIOSSE.

THE AGE [http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/01/15/1042520669817.html]: Moguls battle over Alexander the Great’s tale = a not exact reproduction of Fiachra Gibbons, Kings of Hollywood in epic battle to film Alexander / Luhrmann and Stone lead race for frank take on conqueror – Monday December 30, 2002, The Guardian [Online].

ELEUYEROTUPIA, T°xnew, 17/01/2003 [Online]: H seirã tou Oduss°a … [metå tÚn M°gan ÉAl°jandron].

KAYHMERINH, 17/01/2003, GRAMMATA: KakÒboula kinhmatografikã senãria gia ton M°gan Al°jandron [toË N€kou Mãrth, pr≈hn ÍpourgoË, énaferom°nou eﬁw Ploutãrxou HYIKA 333.12 (A): PERI THS ALEJANDROU TUXHS ÖH ARETHS] (parãleiciw Svkrãtouw-ÉAlkibiãdou). Cf. Plutarch, Alexander 22.1=prbl. Ploutãrxou ÉAl°jandrow 22.1.

KAYHMERINH, PolitismÒw, 22/01/2003 (Online): H politikÆ tomÆ, metã ton Megãlo Al°jandro [Nikow Batopoulow]. Per‹ toË bibl€ou t∞w Klont Mos° [ênv, ELEUYEROTUPIA, TÆxnew, 22/01/2003 (Online)].

ELEUYEROTUPIA, T°xnew, 02/02/2003 (Online): PÒso ãntraw Ætan o M. Al°jandrow; (ka‹ êlla) [thw El. Orfan€dou].

TO BHMA, TOãlloBHMA, 30-3-03 [KvdikÒw ãryrou B13825C101] (Online): M°gaw Al°jandrow o diaxronikÒw star tou XÒligount (ISIDVRA PAPADRAKAKH). RÒmpin LÆin Foj – Oliber StÒoun = Robin Lane Fox (interview) – Oliver Stone.

Los Angeles Times, 7 May 2003, John Horn: BAZ LUHRMANN WILL MAKE HIS ‘ALEXANDER THE GREAT’ – LATER.

NOTE. At least Olympias’ name should be given correctly [instead of Olympia]. The impetus for this film and others about Alexander appears to be <<A bisexual world conqueror with dreams of a multicultural kingdom and all sorts of mother issues>>, identified therein as <<perfect territory for both Stone and Luhrmann>>. Such films, of course, usually mirror the present than the past.

KAYHMERINH, Sãbbato, 24 Ma˝ou 2003, POLITISMOS [Online]: O Megal°jandrow tou LoÊrman pãei ... Austral€a.

TA NEA, 26-05-2003, Sel. P64/ KvdikÒw ãryou: A17646P643 [Online}: Tromokrãtew enant€on <<Megãlou Alejãndrou>>. [Change of locations for filming]

O M. Al°jandrow, b€aiow katakthtÆw Æ egkratØw Ærvaw;, tou Gi≈rgou Giãnnarh, <<EYNIKOS KHRUJ>> SABBATO 14 – KURIAKH 15 IOUNIOU 2003, 7 [TEXNES GRAMMATA]. Tã metå ÉAl°jandron kur€vw.

2on M°row [2^nd Part]: <<EYNIKOS KHRUJ>> SABBATO 21 – KURIAKH 22 IOUNIOU 2003, 7 [TEXNES GRAMMATA]: O epektatismÒw tou Megãlou Alejãndrou kai oi parermhnei°w tou [Tou Gi≈rgou Giãnnarh]. How others interpret Alexander.

<Baz and Dino pushing Alexander up Hill>, The Australian (Australia’s national daily newspaper), THE NATION, recovered through the Internet [26-6-03]. Baz Luhrmann and Dino De Laurentiis and the Alexander film.

H KAYHMERINH, KURIAKH 27 IOULIOU 2003, 19. Oi jexasm°noi Ellhnew tou Pam€r / O skhnoy°thw D. Manvlesãkhw anakãluce p°nte ãgnvsta xvriã sta bãyh thw As€aw me apogÒnouw tou M. Alejãndrou [thw TASOULAS KARAISKAKH].

TO BHMA t∞w Kuriak∞w, ÉIoÊliow/ AÎgoustow 2003. CD [RAM]. ALEJANDROS O MEGAS. OI IDEES, OI EKSTRATEIES KAI OI MAXES / 130 XARTES : 15 KINOUMENA SXEDIA : 2,30 VRES AFHGHSHS [Kapetanopoulos’ MAC OS X cannot read it].

TO BHMA, N°ew Epox°w, 31-08-2003 / KvdikÒw ãryrou: B13952B501 [Online}. Megãlou Alejãndrou kai Sofokl°ouw gvn€a / Ti douleiã °xei o timhm°now arximakedÒnaw me touw ame€liktouw de€ktew thw agora€aw pagkosmiopo€hsÆ maw; [YeÒdvrow D. PapoaggelÆw, kayhghtØw toË TmÆmatow toË ÉAristotele€ou Pan/m€ou Yes/n€khw].

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 02-09-2003, Sel. P20/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17729P203 (Online). O <<Megal°jandrow>> kai ta Mãrmara. Briefly Baz Luhrmann (Mpaz LoÊrman), maker of a film on Alexander, called on the British to return the (Parthenon) MARMARA (Sculptures).

ELEUYEROTUPIA, TEXNES, 10/09/2003 [Online], tou BASILH ROUBALH: <<O St€ben Pr°sfilnt [=Steven Pressfield] br€sketai sthn AyÆna ... / Me °rvta gia thn Arxa€a Ellãda ... AutÒ ton kairÒ epejergãzetai to n°o tou muyistÒrhma me Ærva ton M°ga Al°jandro. ...>>. St. Pressfield writing a novel on Alexander [he is the author of <<Gates of Fire>> (about the battle at Thermopylae in 480 B.C.), <<Winds of War>> (Alkibiades-Peloponnesian War, (431) 420-404 B.C.) and <<The Last of the Amazons>> (the Eros of queen Antiope and Theseus): translated into Greek].

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 11-09-2003, Sel. P23/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17737P231 [Online]: STIBEN PRESFILNT / <<ÄOloi cãxnoume kãti hrvikÒ ...>>, ARISTOTELIA PELVNH. MetajÁ êllvn, tÚ bibl€o toË PRESFILNT giå tÚn M°ga ÉAl°jandro [among other things Pressfield’s book on Alexander the Great].

ANT1 SAT – 24-9-2003. 8,30 PM News. The Pomakoi (Rhodope, western Thrace, Greece) consider themselves to be descendants of Alexander, and one of them stated that he resembled Alexander.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, TEXNES, 08/10/2003 [Online]: Gia °na Mouse€o Megal°jandrou [=For a museum of Alexander the Great], oramat€zetai o zvgrãfow EuyÊmhw Barlãmhw [stØn Berg€na, pro°ktasiw t∞w sullog∞w tou <<Al°jandrow 2000>>=proposed by the artist Euthumes Barlames at Vergina, an expansion of his <<Alexander 2000>>].

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 06-11-2003, Sel. P19/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17784P191 [Online]: (A)llow... Al°jandrow; / Etoimãzontai oi dÊo xoligountian°w ekdÒseiw tou Megãlou Alejãndrou, pou y°loun ton MakedÒna strathlãth janyÒ kai ol€gon... <<Monomãxo>> [t∞w EUHS ELEUYERIADOU]. [Baz Luhrmann, Oliver Stone]

H KAYHMERINH, POLITISMOS, KuriakÆ, 16 Noembr€ou 2003 [Online]: ApÒ ton Kãstro ston M°ga Al°jandro... / O skhnoy°thw Oliber StÒoun, o opo€ow Ædh etoimãzei tain€a gia ton Gias°r Arafãt, °xei adunam€a stouw <<isxuroÊw ãndrew>> [épÚ tØn The Guardian]. H KAYHMERINH, T°xnew & Grãmmata, KURIAKH 16 NOEMBRIOU 2003, sel 3.

H KAYHMERINH, POLITISMOS, Tetãrth, 19 Noembr€ou 2003 [Online]: Adiafor€a gia ton <<Megal°jandro>> [Indifference for <<Alexander the Great>>, referring to Baz Luhrmann’s <<Alexander>> - Oliver Stone’s is on].

ERT SAT = NET, EIDHSEIS [NEWS], PARASKEUH, 28-11-2003, 9:35-9:38 m.m. [p.m. ]. APO TI PEYANE O MEGAS ALEJANDROS [From what did Alexander the Great die?]. Two Americans maintain from the Nile virus [ﬁÚw toË Ne€lou]. Mentioning also other theories [§kdox¢w] of Alexander’s death.

MAKEDONIKO PRAKTOREIO EIDHSEVN, POLITISMOS, SABBATO, 29 NOEMBRIOU2003 [Online]: OMOGENEIAKH PARAGVGH GIA MEGALEJANDRO, by a Greek-Australian producer/actor Steve Mayas.

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 02-12-2003, Sel.: P19/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17806P191, EUH ELEUYERIADOU [Online]: MEGAS ALEJANDROS / Senãria yanãtou!

IOS TOU DUTIKOU NEILOU=dead crows/ravens=West Nile Virus is the latest <<explanation>>, according to two American epidemiologists [Tzon Mar, Tsarlw Kãliser=John Marr, Charles Calisher=http://www.nature.com/nsu/031124/031124- 11.html=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol9no12/03-0288.htm].

Plutarch, Alexander 73.1-3: (1) Eﬁw d¢ Babul«na proãgontow aÈtoË [=ÉAlejãndrou] N°arxow (éf€keto går aÔyiw eﬁspleÊsaw eﬁw tÚn EÈfrãthn diã t∞w megãlhw yalãsshw) ¶fh tinåw §ntuxe›n aÈt“ Xalda€ouw, parainoËntaw ép°xesyai Babul«now tÚn ÉAl°jandron. ı d¢ oÈk §frÒntisen, éllÉ §poreÊeto: ka‹ prÚw to›w te€xesi genÒmenow ırò kÒrakaw polloÁw diaferom°nouw ka‹ tÊptontaw éllÆlouw, œn ¶nioi kat°peson parÉ aÈtÒn. (2) ¶peita mhnÊsevw genom°nhw katå ÉApollod≈rou toË strathgoË t∞w Babul«now …w e‡h per‹ aÈtoË teyum°now, §kãlei PuyagÒran tÚn mãntin. oÈk érnoum°nou d¢ tØn prçjin ±r≈thse t«n ﬂer«n tÚn trÒpon. fÆsantow d¢ ˜ti tÚ ∏par ∑n êlobon, “Papa€,” e‰pen, “ﬁsxurÚn tÚ shme›on:” ka‹ tÚn PuyagÒran oÈd¢n ±d€khsen. ≥xyeto d¢ mØ peisye‹w t“ Neãrxƒ, ka‹ tå pollå t∞w Babul«now ¶jv kataskhn«n ka‹ peripl°vn tÚn EÈfrãthn di°triben. (3) ±n≈xlei dÉ aÈtÚn shme›a pollã. ka‹ går l°onta t«n trefom°nvn m°giston ka‹ kãlliston ¥merow ˆnow §pely∆n ka‹ lakt€saw éne›len, ktl. [73.3-77.5].

The crows/ravens fighting among themselves [some dropping dead] and the other omens that follow belong to the oracular <<announcement>> of Alexander’s death soon to be.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, TEXNES, SABBATO, 27/12/2003, toË DHMHTRH GKIVNH [Online]: Akolouy≈ntaw ta bÆmatã tou – 2300 xrÒnia metã / O Megal°jandrow zei... [Following his footsteps – 2300 years after / Alexander the Great lives...].

ERT SAT at about 11:35 PM in a stage/theatre program YALASSA/SEA a part was on Alexander and the gorgÒna/mermaid theme: Ze› ı basileÁw ÉAl°jandrow; Ze› ka‹ basileÊei ka‹ tÚn kÒsmo kurieÊei [Does king Alexander live? He lives and reigns and the world he conquers]. The date was not noted, but it was around New Year’s, 2004 [appropriate stage apparatus accompanied the theme].

ELEUYEROTUPIA, TEXNES, TETARTH, 07-01-2004 [Online]: Discovery me NtaÛãna kai M°ga Al°jandro [M. PETROUTSOU – S. MANIATHS – K. TSIGVNIA]. Discovery Channel presented a program on Alexander [7^th Jan.], but apparently not in the USA.

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 09-01-2004, Sel. P62/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17835P622 [Online]: Ton M°ga Al°jandro me tragiãska... / MERA – NUXTA [toË ÄOliber StÒoun=Oliver Stone’s <<Alexander>> KÒlin Fãrel=Colin Farrell visiting Thessalonike].

KAYHMERINH, TEXNES, YEATRA/PAIDIKA, KURIAKH 11 IANOUARIOU 2004, sel. 10: MELI ... Al. Balsãmh <<Zei o basiliãw Al°jandrow;>>. ..., ka‹ MPRONTGOUAIH ... B. Beni°rh <<Al°jandrow o M°gaw>>. ...

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 30-03-2004, Sel. P19/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17902P191 [Online]: DRAMATOPOIHMENO NTOKIMANTER / Kai ellhnikÒw <<Al°jandrow>> [PAULOS KAGIOS]. ToË PaÊlou Pissãnou m¢ ÉAl°jandro tÚn ÖAntoni Mp°rk.

MEGA Cosmos, Deut°ra, 5/4/2004, 6:25 m.m. (PM) [mousikÚ b€deo, Satellite]: STAMATHS SPANOUDAKHS, HFAISTIVN [ALEJANDROS-HFAISTIVN-MACEDONIA – klar€no – laoËto/mpouzoËki;].

ELEUYEROTUPIA, BIBLIOYHKH, PEMPTH, 08-04-2004 [Online]: O Megal°jandrow kai h skiã tou / Parousiãzoun o NIKOS NTOKAS kai o BASILHS KALAMARAS / KVSTAS ARKOUDEAS: <<... Kontå sthn pÒlh Tãjila sunantå °nan sofÚ IndÒ, o opo€ow apofas€zei na egkatale€cei to monÆrh b€o sto dãsow kai na g€nei h skiå tou Al°jandrou. ...>> [<<istorikÚ muyistÒrhma>>]. O Megal°jandrow kai h skiã tou [IstorikÒ muyistÒrhma], KVSTAS ARKOUDEAS [EKDOSEIS KASTANIVTH=www.kastaniotis.com (diafÆmish KASTANIVTH, KAYHMERINH, TEXNES, KuriakÆ, 4-6ou-04)].

ANT1=Antenna Satellite, Tetãrth, 16 ÉIoun€ou 2004, 9.20 m.m. (NEA TOU ANTENNA): GERASA, H POLH TOU M. ALEJANDROU [periÆghsiw]. TÚ ˆnoma GERASA sundey¢n m¢ toÁw épomãxouw/g°rontaw toË ÉAlejãndrou.

<<Does the tomb of St Mark in Venice really contain the bones of Alexander the Great?>>, Independent.co.uk, 13 June 2004: Andrew Chugg’s theory [Jonathan Thompson, Nicholas Pyke].

ERT Sat, ParaskeuÆ, 25 ÉIoun€ou 2004, 12.35 mesãnuxta, <<EXEI GOUSTO>>, pagkÒsmia ¶kyesh giå M°ga ÉAl°jandro épÚ éntike€mena épÉ ˜pou p°rasen ı ÉAl°jandrow, m¢ ÍpostÆrijh toË <<IDRUMA PERIDH>>.

Onassis Cultural Center (New York City), 10 Dec. 2004? – 16 April 2005: Alexander the Great: Treasures from an Epic Era of Hellenism, with Alexander as the center of the exhibition [contributions from many museums].

MAKEDONIKO PRAKTOREIO EIDHSEVN, TRITH, 1 IOUNIOU 2004, above.

The New York Times, Friday, 31 December 2004, E46: The World of Alexander Was Rich and Beautiful Even Before the Movies [Antiques, Wendy Moonan], photograph of <<Equestrian Alexander >> [Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples].

Oddities: col. III: <<Philip II hired Aristotle to tutor Alexander at age 14 in Greek, Hebrew, Babylonian and Latin, rhetoric and justice>>, unless there is a printing confusion here; col. IV: <<In 1776 … = <<In 1976 …

The New York Times, Friday, 21 January 2005, E36: ART REVIEW / Alexander and His World of Warfare, Art and Wine. By GRACE GLUECK [Alexander the

Great . Onassis Cultural Center, 645 Fifth Ave./52^nd Street], with photographs of the outlined dress of a noble Macedonian woman, as traced from her grave at Aigai/Vergina [ca. 500 B.C.], and youthful portrait of Alexander from the Akropolis [340-330 B.C.].

Misnomer: Alexander is called <<emperor>>=<<Macedonian emperor Alexander III>> [ad init., col. I] instead of king/basileus/basileÊw, which is his correct title.

And the fashionable of nowadays is there: << … the carnage wrought by his turf-grabbing thrust into the Middle East and Asia>> and <<Alexander’s rapacity>> [ad init., col. I].

Another misnomer, calling Olympias <<theatrical mother>>=<<… and where [=Pella] his theatrical mother, Olympias, was very much part of political life>> [this characterization may possibly have its origin in Stone’s <<Alexander>> mentioned at the beginning].

MAKEDONIKO PRAKTOREIO EIDHSEVN, TRITH, 21 SEPTEMBRIOU 2004 [Online]: ANTIDRASEIS PROKALOUN OI ANUPOSTATOI ISXURISMOI TOU OLIBER STOOUN GIA TON MEGA ALEJANDRO [˜ti ı ÉAl°jandrow ∑tan <<paranoÛkÚw>> ka‹ <<ımofulÒfilow>>].

TA NEA, 05-10-2004, Sel. P19 / KvdikÒw ãryrou: A18056P191 [Online]: NEA EKDOXH GIA TON YANATO TOU MAKEDONA STRATHLATH / Dhlhthr€asan ton Al°jandro;, Epim°leia: EÊh Eleuyeriãdou.

Graham Phillips, Alexander the Great. Murder in Babylon [Virgin Books, 7-10-2004].

TO BHMA, TmÆma H: Afi°rvma, BHMA Science IATRKH, KURIAKH,17-10-2004/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: B14292H071 [Online]: ApÒ ti p°yane o M°gaw Al°jandrow; / <<H sumptvmatolog€a thw pãyhshw tou basiliã thw Makedon€aw maw odhge€ sto sump°rasma Òti p°yane apÒ xololiy€ash>> toË N. A. PAPANIKOLAOU, ımÒtimou kayhght∞ ÉIatrik∞w. NOTE. <<The symptoms of Alexander’s malady leads to the conclusion that the king of Makedon died from a gallstones disease=acute pancreatitis [ait€a: oje€a pagkreat€tida]>>.

ERT sat=NET, EﬁdÆseiw=News, Tetãrth=Wednesday, 1 Dekembr€ou/1 December 2004, 8.50 p.m./AM: VDH STON MEGA ALEJANDRO [toË GIVRGOU XATZHNASIOU (mçllon)], MEGARON MOUSIKHS (Music Hall), PROGRAMMA: Ze› ı ÉAl°jandrow;

MEGAcosmos [sat], OI FAKELOI, ALEJHS PAPAXELAS, Tetãrth, 1 Dekembr€ou 2004, 9.15-10.15 m.m., KALABRUTA-MEGAS ALEJANDROS [9.15-9.50, Kalãbruta – 9.50-10.15, M°gaw ÉAl°jandrow]. MEGAS ALEJANDROS – diãfora, Yessalon€kh, êgalma ÉAlejãndrou, ktl. – sun°nteujh m¢ tÚn Robin Lane Fox ka‹ tØn yetikÆ tou kr€sh t∞w tain€aw toË Oliver Stone, <<Alexander>>.

ERTsat [=NET], ParaskeuÆ, 3 Dekembr€ou 2004, 7.45-8.00 p.m., P-R [=PÒph Tsapan€dou-R€ka Bagiãnnh], per‹ ÉAlejãndrou ka‹ tain€aw Stone [kayhghtØw-dikhgÒrow-kritikÚw kinhmatogrãfou-nearå gunØ (eﬁdhkÒthw diafeÊgousa)].

MEGA, <<ANATROPH>> toË Giãnnh Pretent°rh, M°gaw Al°jandrow kai ÉOliber StÒoun, 23.50 [Àra ÑEllãdow]. TA NEA, 06-12-2004, Sel. P50 / KvdikÚw ãryrou: A18108P503 [Online]. [genikã, pollå §grãfhsan/eﬁp≈yhkan giå tØn tain€an aÈtØn ka‹ tÚn ÉAl°jandro, parale€pontai=generally speaking, much discussion has been generated by Stone’s movie and Alexander, omitted]

The New York Times, Friday, 31 December 2004, and 21 January 2005, under ERT Sat, ParaskeuÆ, 25 ÉIoun€ou 2004 above.

TO BHMA, 09-01-2005/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: B14360S011 [Online: http://tovima.dolnet.gr], bibl€a / Zei o Megal°jandrow / H apokaluptikÆ bibliograf€a gia ton strathlãth, SEL. 3 /bibl€a / ekdotikÒ fainÒmeno / H per€ptvsh M°gaw Al°jandrow / Enaw istorikÒw, °naw muyistoriogrãfow, °naw polemikÒw analutÆw kai °naw mãnatzer epanaf°roun sth zvÆ th morfÆ tou yrulikoÊ makedÒna basiliã, MAIRH PAPAGIANNIDOU. Tå parousiazÒmena bibl€a ka‹ metafrasm°na/dhmosieuy°nta katå tÚ 2004-2005: ArrianÒw, Alejãndrou Anãbasiw, Bibl€a VI, VII – Paul Cartledge, M°gaw Al°jandrow. H anazÆthsh enÒw n°ou parelyÒntow – St€ben Pr°ssfilnt, Oi aret°w tou pol°mou. Ena muyistÒrhma gia to Megal°jandro – J.F.C. Fuller, H idiofuÆw strathgikÆ tou Megãlou Alejãndrou – Partha Bose, M°gaw Al°jandrow. H t°xnh thw strathgikÆw.

ÖAllo metafrasy¢n=another Alexander translated book. E.E. Rice, ALEJANDROS O MEGAS [Metãfrash: D°spoina Rissãkh]. E. E. Rice’s Alexander the Great, Sutton Books, 8 Oct. 2004 [128 pages], an exposition on Alexander myths and life [non vidi].

Pãlin, TA NEA, 25-01-2005, Sel. P21 / KvdikÒw ãryrou: A18148P211 [Online]: O M°gaw Al°jandrow <<skÒtvse>> touw Ærvew>> / Oi istoriko€ anayevroÊn tiw antilÆceiw gia ton Al°jandro ka‹ eke€new per€ hrvismoÊ kai kataktÆsevn / BIBLIA / ORI/ZON/TES [MANVLHS PIMPLHS]. (ÄOliber StÒoun, Pol Kãltretz, St€ben Pr°sfilnt, Pol NtÒxerti, LÒra FÒrman)

TA NEA, 05-02-2005, Sel.: P07/KvdikÒw ãryrou: A18158P071 [Online]: O BretanÒw istorikÒw Pol Kãrtletz de€xnei ta nÊxia tou / O ligÒtero… bolikÒw Al°jandrow [PETROS TATSOPOULOS].

(1) <<H topikÆ makedonikÆ diãlektow>>, shmei≈nei o Kãrtletz, <<Ætan s¢ t°toio baymÒ dianyism°nh me mh ellhnikoÊw (idia€tera illurikoÊw) glvssikoÊw tÊpouw, ≈ste mpore› na Ætan akatanÒhtoi me autoÊw pou miloÊsan ta tupikã ellhnikã>>. AÈtå §grãfhsan ébasan€stvw êneu éntaklãsevw t∞w glvssik∞w pragmatikÒthtow t«n MakedÒnvn [bl°pe (1) ka‹ (2) kãtv, ka‹ stØn ÉIstosel€da §ntaËya].

(2) <<…, °stv kai an den dextoÊme ton xarakthrismÒ tvn MakedÒnvn apÒ ton Dhmosy°nh vw <<barbãrvn>> Æ <<mh ellhnÒglvssvn>>.>> Må poË épokale› ı Dhmosy°nhw toÁw MakedÒnaw <<barbãrouw>> ka‹ <<mØ •llhnÒglvssouw>>; Pouyenã: b°baia ı Dhmosy°nhw tîxe m¢ tÚn F€lippon ka‹ tÚn épekãlesen <<éllÒfullon>> (Per‹ Stefãnou 185), éllå ka‹ tÚn diax≈risen épÚ toÁw barbãrouw stÚn tr€ton FilippikÚn lÒgon 31, ˜pou <oÎte ÜEllhn, oÎte bãrbarow, éllå Maked∆n> [bl°pe, p.x., ÉArxaiologikØ ÉEfhmer‹w 1993 (1995) 16, shm. 32, ka‹ 20-21, D, ka‹ Ancient World 30.2 (1999) 117-128, émfÒtera PDF stØn ÉIstosel€da taÊthn]. ÉEn pãs˙ peript≈sei, ˜,ti grãfetai eﬁw tØn éllodapØn d¢n e‰nai ka‹ pãnta mãlama [ka‹ diãbasma épÚ l€go Dhmosy°nhn, d¢n peirãzei].

ELEUYEROTUPIA, Tetãrth, 04-01-2006, t°xnew [Online]: O M. Al°jandrow vw fara≈ [Epim°leia: OLGA KOLIATSOU

koliatsu@enet.gr]. <<ãgalma apÒ aiguptiakÒ roz gran€th>> stÚ Mouse€o L€mpigkxaouw thw FrankfoÊrthw. ÉAllå e‰nai ı ÉAl°jandrow; áH ı Ptolema›ow EÉ; Alexander or Ptolemy V?

ELEUYEROTUPIA, T°xnew,Tr€th, 28-03-2006 [Online]: Me <<VdÆ ston Megal°jandro>> stiw Puram€dew thw Gk€zaw / Stiw 3 April€ou h sumfvnikÆ kantãta tou

Gi≈rgou Xatzhnãsiou / sthn A€gupto.

ANT1, EﬁdÆseiw, Tetãrth, 5 ÉApril€ou 2006, 8.55 m.m. [ÑEllãdow 03.55], per‹ t∞w sunaul€aw giå tÚn Megal°jandro st‹w Puram€dew [kãpou 3.000 ênyrvpoi tØn parakoloÊyhsan].

ERTworld, EﬁdÆseiw/News, ParaskeuÆ, 23 Mart€ou 2007, 9:40 p.m. (EDT), Tatzikistån ka‹ épÒgonoi ÉAlejãndrou (Alexander descendants in Tadzhikistan).

ERTworld, MENOUME ELLADA/WE REMAIN IN GREECE, OROS CALIDA/PSALIDA MOUNTAIN, above Kastoria - tradition: Alexander’s portrait – archaeological finds at top of

mountain [Tuesday, 10 April 2007, 7.37 = 14.37].

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, PEMPTH 17 MA:I:OU 2007 Ar. FÊllou: 18.837 [Online]: LUYHKE TO MUSTHRIO THS KATAKTHSHS THS TUROU / H FÊsh boÆyhse ton

Megal°jandro / Epim°leia: Ma€rh AdamopoÊlou.

SKA:I:/SKAI, ThleoptikÚw StaymÒw/TV Channel, 6 IOUNIOU 2007, Tetãrth, 22.00 Sta €xnh tou M. Alejãndrou. H alÆyeia gia °nan apÒ touw diashmÒterouw Ærvew thw

Istor€aw [H KAYHMERINH, tv, 3 IOUNIOU 2007, 20]. KURIAKH, 3 IOUNIOU 2007 * AYLHTIKA * H KAYHMERINH * 47 [diafÆmish, metå fvtograf€aw toË mvsaÛkoË ÉAlejãndrou /advertisement, with photograph of the Alexander mosaic: <<Sta ÄIxnh tou Magãlou Alejãndrou / Diãshmow strathgÒw, xarismatikÒw anamorfvtÆw, ainigmatikÒw Ærvaw. ÄOlh h alÆyeia p€sv apÒ th lamperÒterh istorikÆ prosvpikÒthta, Òpvw apokalÊptetai apÒ ta €xnh thw yriambeutikÆw tou pore€aw>>].

KAYHMERINH, TRITH 21 AUGOUSTOU 2007, sel. 10: GRAMMATA ANAGNVSTVN: Sxetikã me ton M. Al°jandro, NIKOS PETROPOULOS, istorikÒw zvgrãfow,

kayhghtÆw j°nvn glvss≈n.

ELEUYEROTUPIA, t°xnew, FÊllo ParaskeuÆw 07 - 09 – 2007 [Online]: H OjfÒrdh ya mãyei Òti o Megal°jandrow e€nai apÒgonow tou HraklÆ, N. KONTRAROU-RASSIA.

ERTworld, EidÆseiw, KuriakÆ, 9 Septembr€ou 2007, 9.50 EST [21.50], Stamãthw Spanoudãkhw, ALEJANDROS: DROMOI POU DEN PERPATHSES, 22-23 Septembr€ou stÚ

ÑHr≈deio [mousikÚn/musical].

ERTworld, EﬁdÆseiw, KuriakÆ, 23 Septembr€ou 2007, 9.42 m.m. EST, Braduå Spanoudãkh, ÑHr≈deio.

ERTworld, 19 ÉOktvbr€ou 2007, ParaskeuÆ, 14.30-15.02 per€pou [=7.30-9.02 AM EST], Sunaul€a toË Stamãth Spanoudãkh stÚ Pek›no K€naw (Beijing, China): ALEJANDROS. DROMOI POU DEN PERPATHSES [ka‹ tÚ tragoËdi <<ALEJANDRE, ZEIS KAI BASILEUEIS>>, kãti t°toio, graf¢n kãpou d°ka xrÒnia pr€n]. PolitistikÚ prÒgramma giå toÁw ÉOlumpiakoÁw ég«new toË 2008 [cultural program of the Olympic Games of 2008 in Beijing].

MOUSEION PELLAS KAI ALEJANDROS. EYNOS ON LINE, 28/9/2007, TEXNES: Sto anãktoro o M°gaw Al°jandrow, AggelikÆ K≈tth. KAYHMERINH, ParaskeuÆ, 28

Septembr€ou 2007, POLITISMOS [Online]: N°o Mouse€o P°llaw: mel°th me elle€ceiw, Thw Givtaw Sukka. ELEUYEROTUPIA, FÊllo ParaskeuØw 28 – 09 - 2007, t°xnew: Me... paraggeliã, ..., Thw N. KONTRAROU-RASSIA [Online].

ERTworld, 19 ÉOktvbr€ou 2007, under ERTworld, EidÆseiw, KuriakÆ, 9 Septembr€ou 2007 above.

ERTworld, 20 Noembr€ou 2007, Tr€th, Eidhseiw, 21.06 EST = 14.06, Sta ixnh tou Makedona strathlath, Niouristan, Afganistan, épÒgonoi ÉAlejãndrou/MakedÒnvn:

moiãzoun t«n ÑEllÆnvn katå tÚn §jhgoËnta épÒgonon toË ÉAlejãndrou: §panãlhch, 21 Noembr€ou 2007, Tetãrth, Eidhseiw, 08.38 EST = 13.38 / ERT world, News, In the path of the Makedonian general, descendants of Alexander/Makedones in Nuristan, Afghanistan, resembling the Greeks, as the people there identify themselves.

ERTworld, Tr€th, 7.30-8.05=19.30-20.05 EST, t∞w ET-3 (2003). Oﬂ Kalåw/Kalash stÚ Pakistån/Pakistan, épÒgonoi/descendants toË ÉAlejãndrou ka‹ t«n MakedÒnvn/of Alexander and

the Makedones. Sxole›a ka‹ êlla kataskeuasy°nta ÍpÚ t«n nËn ÑEllÆnvn §ke›, ka‹ tØn §p€skech paidi«n t«n Kalåw stØn Makedon€a (Berg€na, Yessalon€kh)/ÑEllãda/construction of schools, etc., there, and the visit of Kalash children to Makedonia (Vergina, Thessalonike)/Greece. ÉAfhghtØw/speaker Yanãshw (LeoÊlhw;)/Thanases (Leoules?), §kpaideutikÚw/educator, ka‹ m°low t∞w épostol∞w stoÁw Kalåw/and member of the mission to the Kalash.

EleÊyerow TÊpow, Sãbbato, 16.02.08 [Online]: O M°gaw Al°jandrow kataktã th LibÊh, SABBOPOULOU, DESPOINA. [≤ morfØ toË ÉAl°jandrou katå tÚn EÈyÊmh Barlãmh,

eﬁkastikÚ kallit°xnh, kayhghtØ ka‹ érxit°ktona – Alexander’s form according to Euthymes Barlames/Varlames]

Makedon€a/Yessalon€kh, Sep 02, 2008 [Online]: MALAISIANOI Sta €xnh tou Megãlou Alejãndrou, Thw ÄElsaw SpuridopoÊlou.

SKA:I: = H KAYHMERINH, tv SXOLIA EIDHSEIS PROGRAMMA 22 MARTIOU 2009: MEGALOI ELLHNES / M°gaw Al°jandrow / Mh xãsete aÊrio thn t°tarth apÒ tiw 10 thletain€ew thw uperparagvgÆw tou SKA:I: / Deut°ra, 22.00

= sel./page 14: Megãloi Ellhnew: M°gaw Al°jandrow parousiãzei o Giãnnhw SmaragdÆw.

H KAYHMERINH, Tr€th, 19/05/2009 [Online]: MegalÊterow Òlvn, o M. Al°jandrow / O M°gaw Al°jandrow anade€xyhke o spoudaiÒterow ÄEllhnaw Òlvn tvn epox≈n bãsei thw chfofor€aw tou << SKA:I: >> pou diÆrkese perissÒtero apÒ °nan xrÒno sugkentr≈nontaw 127.011 cÆfouw. (Alexander won first place, the greatest Greek of all times)

===================

Chugg, Andrew, “The Sarcophagus of Alexander the Great?,” Greece&Rome 49.1 (2002) 8-26. Conclusion

[p. 26, ad fin.]: “this relic [=Nectanebo sarcophagus] is in all probability the genuine sarcophagus of Alexander the Great.”

Alexander’s sarcophagus? [scanned from A. Chugg’s online article, p. 10, Fig. 2]

Chugg, Andrew, “The Sarcophagus of Alexander the Great,” Minerva 13.5 (2002) 33-36.

Chugg, Andrew, “The Tomb of Alexander the Great in Alexandria,” AJAH 1.2 (2002=2003) 75-108.

====================

Presentations, 138^th Annual Meeting Program of the American Philological Association, San Diego, CA,

Mark Beck, <<Alexander for the Romans: The Ideology of Anger Control in Plutarch and Arrian>>, 5 January 2007, page 22, under SECTION 9, ROMA

CHAERONEANA: PLUTARCH’S RECEPTION OF ROME, No. 2.

Timothy Howe, <<Alexander in India: Ptolemy as Near Eastern Historiographer>>, 6 January 2007, page 40, under SECTION 27, GREEK HISTORY, No. 6.

Konstantinos P. Nikoloutsos, <<Oliver Stone’s Alexander and the Liminality of Same-Sex Desire>>, 6 January 2007, page 43, under SECTION 40, QUEER ICONS

FROM GREECE AND ROME, No. 5.

Arthur J. Pomeroy, <<Alexander as Hero>>, 7 January 2007, page 64, under SECTION 61, KINHMA: CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY AND CINEMA, No. 7.

===================

John Dillery, <<Alexander’s Tomb at “Rhacotis”. Ps.Callisth. 3.34.5 and the Oracle of the Potter>>, ZPE 148 (2004) 253-258.

====================

Alexander the Great and his Successors: Third International Symposium, 23 to 25 August 2006, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,

http://www.otago.ac.nz/classics/events/conferences/alexander2.html.

(18-9-2006)

Alexander and After. Second International Symposium 20-22 January 2005,

University of Calgary [Participants: Adams, Alonso, Anson, Boiy, Borza, Burstein, Carney, Cooper, Dixon, Dreyer, Epplett, Garvin, Heckel, Mitchell, Ogden, Pownall, Reames-Zimmerman, Roisman, Shrimpton, Tritle, Wheatley, Worthington, Yardley].

<<ALEXANDROS>>. Star Auditorium, Franklin & Marshall College, Thursday, 2

December 2004. As reported in the Internet, Eugene N. Borza spoke on Oliver Stone’s <<Alexander>> et alia; his usual/known views were reiterated/restated, one of them being that ancient Macedonia should be severed from ancient Greece, that is, to form a separate history from the rest of Greece. Such views, of course, are in violation of the fact that ancient Makedonia was part of the metropolitan Hellenic world, to which the Makedones/ancient Macedonians belonged, not withstanding the sources which at times, speaking of Hellenes/Makedones or Makedonia/Hellas, convey the impression, if other evidence is disregaded, that the Makedones and Hellenes are entirely two distinct species. However, already in the time of Alexander I [ca. 505-454 B.C.] Makedonia was integrated into Hellas, with the culmination in Alexander’s expression of <<Makedonia and the rest of Hellas>>/Makedon€a ka‹ ≤ êllh ÑEllåw in his letter to Darius [Arrian, 2.14.4]. (Hellas/Hellenes, Makedonia/Makedones in place of Greece/Greeks, Macedonia/Macedonians, the latter playing into the current dispute)

===================

<<A History of Alexander on The Big Screen>> by Jeanne Reames-Zimmerman in AMPHORA 3.2 (Fall 2004) 12-13, 15 [A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION].

===================

http://victorhanson.com/articles/hanson100904b.html. Victor Davis Hanson’s [a Classicist’s] review of four books on Alexander [Paul Cartledge’s Alexander the Great: The Hunt for a New Past, Claude Mossé’s Alexander: Destiny and Myth, Laura Foreman’s Alexander the Conqueror: The Epic Story of the Warrior King, Paul Doherty’s The Death of Alexander the Great: What – or – Who Really Killed the Young Conqueror of the Known World?], with a comment on Oliver Stone’s movie of Alexander.

http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,1384774,00.html: <<Great expectations/ Four new biographies suggest that the more we write about Alexander the Great, the less we understand him, says Rory Stewart>> [biographies reviewed: by Paul Doherty, Paul Cartledge, Laura Foreman, Stephen Pressfield].

http://www.smithsonianmag.si.edu/smithsonian/issues04/nov04/pdf/alexander.pdf = <<MIGHTY MACEDONIAN: Alexander the Great>> by Richard Covington. A review of how Alexander is viewed.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/alexander_the_great_01.shtml: Paul Cartledge, Alexander the Great: Hunting for a New Past=Alexander the Great: The Hunt for a New Past (Pan Macmillan, 2004).

===================

THE BOOK OF ARDA VIRAF

(Transcribed and kindly contributed by Chris Weimer <cweimer@oz.net>)

[Translated by Prof. Martin Haug, of the University of Munich, revised from the MS. of a Parsi priest Hoshangji. From The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, Volume VII: Ancient Persia, ed. Charles F. Horne, Ph.D., copyright 1917.]

Part 1. Introduction.]

CHAPTER 1. [Religious disputes and the need for spiritual guidance]

IN THE NAME OF GOD

1. They say that, once upon a time, the pious Zartosht made the religion, which he had received, current in the world; (2) and till the completion of 300 years, the religion was in purity, and men were without doubts.

3. But afterward, the accursed evil spirit, the wicked one, in order to made men doubtful of this religion, (4) instigated the accursed Alexander, the Roman, who was dwelling in Egypt, so that he came to the country of Iran with severe cruelty and war and devastation; (5) he also slew the ruler of Iran, (6) and destroyed the metropolis and empire, and made them desolate.

7. And this religion, namely, all the Avesta and Zand, written upon prepared cow-skins, and with gold ink, was deposited in the archives, in Stakhar Papakan, (8) and the hostility of the evil-destined, wicked Ashemok, the evil-doer, brought onward Alexander, the Roman, who was dwelling in Egypt, and he burned them up. (9) And he killed several Dasturs and judges and Herbads and Mobads and upholders of the religion, and the competent and wise of the country of Iran. (10) And he cast hatred and strife, one with the other, amongst the nobles and householders of the country of Iran; (11) and self-destroyed, he fled to hell.

=http://www.avesta.org/pahlavi/viraf.html

NOTE. In the above translation Alexander is identified as <<the Roman>> [under Nos. 3 & 7], but this is probably an incorrect rendering, for the original document undoubtedly reads ÑRvma›ow in the sense of Byzantine, which survived into modern times as RvmhÒw=Greek. Therefore, the ÑRvma›ow [or whatever the form may be in the original of Arda Viraf] still recognizes Alexander as a Hellen [Greek].

===================

History Channel [cable TV], Sunday, 7 November 2004, 8-11 PM, <<The True Story of Alexander the Great>>, poor design, especially of Philip’s

assassination and Alexander’s and the Makedones’ dress, for example [in anticipation of Oliver Stone’s film ALEXANDER].

Discovery Channel, The Art of War: Alexander the Great, reviewed by William S. Morison, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2006.12.03 [Online].

===================

IN SEARCH OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT, Yale Educational Travel 2005-06, October 17 – November 1, 2006, from Thessalonike to Alexandria.

===================

LOUBRO/LOUVRE, (1) ELEUYEROTUPIA, FÊllo P°mpthw 11 - 01 - 2007, t°xnew: Megãlh °kyesh gia thn arxaia Makedon€a to 2010-2011 / M°gaw Al°jandrow sto LoÊbro [N.K.-R., Online].

(2) KAYHMERINH, P°mpth, 11 Ianouar€ou 2007, POLITISMOS, G. Sukka [Online]: Megal°jandrow sto LoÊbro kai arxaioyÆkh sto D€on.

(3) TA NEA, P°mpth 11 Ianouar€ou 2007, ORIZONTES, d€ktuo: LoÊbro kale‹ Makedon€a, M.A. [Online].

===================

EllhnoÛtalikÆ sunãnthsh gia ton M°ga Al°jandro, EYNOSONLINE, TEXNES > POLITISMOS, Deut°ra, 13/10/08 [tÒpow: ArxaiologikÒ Mouse€o Yessalo-

n€khw].

Omil€a gia to M°ga Al°jandro sthn BiblioyÆkh thw Alejãndreiaw, KayhmerinÆ, Sãbbato, 18 Oktvbr€ou 2008, POLITISMOS: Teleuta€a N°a, Hmeromhn€a: 17-10-08 [Online].

<<ApÒ ton skhnoy°th kai suggraf°a N€ko SofianÒ>>.

O <<Al°jandrow>> tou Rak€na pr≈th forã sta Ellhnikã, ELEUYEROTUPIA, t°xnew, FÊllo Tr€thw 21 – 10 - 08 [Online]. Racine’s play <<Al°jandrow o M°gaw>>.

===================

Elias Kapetanopoulos

Professor Dr. (Greece-Rome)

Department of History

Central Connecticut State University

New Britain, CT 06050-4010 (USA)

Telephone:

(860) 832-2820 (office)

(860) 832-2804 (fax)

(860) 229-9960 (home)

E-mail: Kapetanopoulos@ccsu.edu

Web site: www.history.ccsu.edu/elias/elias.htm

Areas of Research: Attic epigraphy-Athenian institutions of the Roman period (200 B.C.-3rd c. A.D.), and early Makedon(ia)/Makedones.

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