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ALEJANDROU BIBLIOGRAFIA > ALEXANDER BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Elias Kapetanopoulos

Professor Dr. (Greece-Rome)

Department of History

Central Connecticut State University

New Britain, CT 06050-4010 (USA)

Telephone:

(860) 832-2820 (office)

(860) 832-2804 (fax)

(860) 229-9960 (home)

E-mail: Kapetanopoulos@ccsu.edu

Web site: www.history.ccsu.edu/elias/elias.htm

Areas of Research: Attic epigraphy-Athenian institutions of the Roman period (200 B.C.-3rd c. A.D.), and early Makedon(ia)/Makedones.

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CENTER FOR ATHENIAN-MAKEDONIAN STUDIES:

MAKEDONIS ST' > MAKEDONIS VI

MEROS AÉ – PART I

20 Noembr€ou 1999 > 20 November 1999 = 2 ÉIoun€ou 2009 > 2 June 2009

BIBLIOGRAFIA ALEJANDROU – ALEXANDER BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aleksandros, 100 drachmai.

Aleksandros-Boukephalas: Koinon Makedonwn.

AppleMark

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F€lippow ÉAristot°lei xa€rein:

ÖIsyi moi gegonÒta uﬂÒn. pollØn oÔn to›w yeo›w ¶xv xãrin, oÈx oÏtvw §p‹ tª gen°sei toË paidÒw, …w §p‹ t“ katå tØn sØn ≤lik€an aÈtÚn gegon°nai: §lp€zv går aÈtÚn ÍpÚ soË traf°nta ka‹ paideuy°nta êjion ¶sesyai ka‹ ≤m«n ka‹ t∞w t«n pragmãtvn diadox∞w.

Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights (A. Gellii Noctium Atticarum Liber) 9.3.6 [5, Latin translation (1-6)].

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PHGAI / (Main) Ancient Sources

[Demosthenes], 17. PERI TVN PROS ALEJANDRON SUNYHKVN

[Livy, Bks. 9.16.19-19.17 and 26.19.6-9.]

Diodoros, Bk. 17.

Curtius [Quintus Rufus], History of Alexander (Historiae Alexandri Magni Macedonis).

Atkinson, J. E. and J C. Yardley (comm.; trans.). Curtius Rufus. Histories of Alexander the Great, Book 10. Clarendon ancient history series. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. [non vidi, 2 June 2009]

Plutarch, Life of Alexander; andMoralia [326 D-345 B]: On the Fortune of Alexander [Per‹ t∞w

ÉAlejãndrou tÊxhw µ éret∞w, lÒgoi b'].

Plutarch, HYIKA, APOFYEGMATA BASILEVN KAI STRATHGVN, 179 D-181 F [1-34

(ALEJANDROU)].

Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, XI.304-346.

Arrian, Anabasis Alexandrou.

Justin, Bks. 9.8-12 [-13]

9. 8.1. Decessit Philippus XL et septem annorum, cum annis XXV regnasset. (2) Genuit ex Larissaea saltatrice filium Arridaeum, qui post Alexandrum regnavit. (3) Habuit et multos alios filios ex variis matrimoniis regio more susceptos, qui partim fato, partim ferro periere. (4) Fuit rex armorum quam conviviorum apparatibus studiosior, (5) cui maximae opes erant instrumenta bellorum; divitiarum quaestu quam custodia sollertior. (6) Itaque inter cotidianas rapinas semper inops erat. (7) Misericordia in eo et perfidia pari iure dilectae. Nulla apud eum turpis ratio vincendi. (8) Blandus pariter et insidiosus, adloquio qui plura promitteret quam praestaret; in seria et iocos artifex. (9) Amicitias utilitate, non fide colebat. Gratiam fingere in odio, instruere inter concordantes odia, apud utrumque gratiam quaerere sollemnis illi consuetudo. (10) Inter haec eloquentia et insignis oratio, acuminis et sollertiae plena, ut nec ornatui facilitas nec facilitati inventionum deesset ornatus. (11) Huic Alexander filius successit et virtute et vitiis patre maior. (12) Itaque vincendi ratio utrique diversa. Hic aperta, ille artibus bella tractabat. Deceptis ille gaudere hostibus, hic palam fusis. (13) Prudentior ille consilio, hic animo magnificentior. (14) Iram pater dissimulare, plerumque etiam vincere; hic ubi exarsisset, nec dilatio ultionis nec modus erat. (15) Vini nimis uterque avidus, sed ebrietatis diversa vitia. Patri mos erat etiam de convivio in hostem procurrere, manum conserere, periculis se temere offerre; Alexander non in hostem, sed in suos saeviebat. (16) Quam ob rem saepe Philippum vulneratum proelia remisere, hic amicorum interfector convivio frequenter excessit. (17) Regnare ille cum amicis nolebat, hic in amicos regna exercebat. Amari pater malle, hic metui. (18) Litterarum cultus utrique similis. Sollertiae pater maioris, hic fidei. (19) Verbis atque oratione Philippus, hic rebus moderatior. (20) Parcendi victis filio animus et promptior et honestior. Frugalitati pater, luxuriae filius magis deditus erat. (21) Quibus artibus orbis imperii fundamenta pater iecit, operis totius gloriam filius consummavit. [A contrast of Philip and Alexander]

(Text, Teubner 1985, ed. Otto Seel)

Lucian

Polyainos, STRATHGHMATA, Bk. IV, ed. Ioannes Melber (Teubner 1970) 166-184, 3.

ALEJANDROS.

FGrH 2.1 (Berlin 1926), Nos. 116 (p. 617), 117-153 (pp. 618-828: Alexandergeschichte) [Diadochoi, pp.

829-884: Nos. 154-159].

Oxyrhynchus Papyri 15 (1922) 122-131, No. 1798. For Philip II’s assassination and funeral, etc., see

AncW 27.1 (1996) 81-87: Philip II’s Assassination and Funeral.

Oxyrhynchus Papyri 56 (1989) 6-16, Nos. 3823-3824 (On Alexander).

<< A Ptolemaic Fragment of an Alexander History>> by Willy Clarysse – Guido Schepens in Chronique d’

Egypte 60 (1985) 30-47 [text on pages 40, 46-47].

Incerti auctoris epitoma rerum gestarum Alexandri Magni cum libro De morte testamentoque Alexandri, ed.

P. H. Thomas [B. G. Teubner 1966].

<<An Introduction to the Metz Epitome: its Traditions and Value>> by Elizabeth Baynham in Antichthon 29 (1995) 60-77.

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B€ow ÉAlejãndrou [ed. W. Kroll, 1958]. Greek Alexander Romance.

B€ow ÉAlejãndrou (Alexander Romance) = Latin version of the Alexander Romance by Julius Valerius

Alexandros Polemios [ed. B. Kühler, 1888 ].

DIHGHSIS TOU ALEJANDROU (The Tale of Alexander. The Rhymed Version), ed. David Holton

(YESSALONIKH 1974).

The Romance of Alexander the Great by Pseudo-Callisthenes, translated from the Armenian version with

introduction by Albert Mugrdich Wolohojian [Columbia University Press 1969].

Die quellen des griechischen Alexanderromans by Reinhold Merkelbach [ZETEMATA 9 – München: Beck 1977].

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Prokop€ou Kaisar°vw, PERI KTISMATVN, 6.2.14-18: PÒleiw d° poÊ eﬁsi dÊo §pÉ ÙnÒmatow

•nÚw ”khm°nai: AÈg€la går •kat°ra §klÆyh. atai toË Bore€ou di°xousin ıd“ tettãrvn ≤mer«n mãlista eÈz≈nƒ éndr€, tetramm°nai m¢n aÈtoË prÚw ênemon nÒton, érxa›ai d¢ oÔsai ka‹ t«n oﬁkhtÒrvn érxaiÒtropa tå §pithdeÊmata ¶xousai: yrhske€an går pãntew ka‹ eﬁw §m¢ tØn t∞w poluye˝aw §nÒsoun. §ntaËya §k palaioË t“ te ÖAmmvni ka‹ ÉAlejãndrƒ t“ MakedÒni én°keito ßdh. oÂw dØ ka‹ §sfagiãzonto m°xri §w tØn ÉIoustinianoË basile€an oﬂ §pix≈rioi. ∑n d¢ ka‹ ˜milow aÈto›w t«n ﬂerodoÊlvn kaloum°nvn polÊw. nËn d¢ dØ ı basileÁw otow oÈx ˜son §w tå s≈mata to›w kathkÒoiw §kporizÒmenow tØn ésfãleian, éllå ka‹ tåw cuxåw dias≈sasyai §n §pimele€& poioÊmenow, ka‹ t«n taÊt˙ ”khm°nvn ényr≈pvn katå pãnta proÈnÒhse trÒpon. [after a description of Ptolemais and Boreion (Pentapolis, Libya)]

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Ioannes Malalas, Chronographia, LOGOS OGDOOS, XRONVN MAKEDONVN, O 244-249 [CSHB, ed. B. G. Niebuhr (Bonnae 1831)].

Georgios Synkellos, Chronographia, P. 260-265B (ed. W. Dindorf, 1829).

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Die Historia de Preliis Alexandri Magni, ed. Hermann-Josef Bergmeister [Verlag Anton Hain – Meisenheim am Glan, 1975].

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U-Lead Systems, Inc.

Philip II’s Tomb. Façade: Alexander to the left of center.

Façade [left side]. Alexander [left].

Alexander. Façade.

Alexander. Façade of Philip II’s Tomb [from TO BHMA]. Below, Alexander. Sidon sarcophagus.

Alexander. Sidon sarcophagus [Scanned by Dave Gartner, Graduate Assistant, from Margaret Bieber, Alexander the Great in Greek and Roman Art (Argonaut, Chicago 1964) Pl. XVIII, 34 a-b]. Note the similarity between these faces of Alexander and the face of Alexander in the façade of Philip II’s tomb above.

U-Lead Systems, Inc.

Alexander, ivory [from Philip II’s tomb].

Alexander sarcophagus (Sidon). Istanbul museum.

Ada Cohen, The Alexander Mosaic: Stories of Victory and Defeat (Cambridge University Press, 1997) 37, Figure 20.

Alexander sarcophagus (Sidon). Istanbul museum [Scanned by Dave Gartner, Graduate Assistant, from Margaret Bieber, Alexander the Great in Greek and Roman Art (Argonaut, Chicago 1964) Pl. XVIII, 35].

Alexander Mosaic. Pompeii. Battle of Issos [or Gaugamela?]. Cf. Curtius, 3.11.7-12 [Issos].

Alexander. Alexander Mosaic. Pompeii. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli. Battle of Issos.

Bernard Andreae, Das Alexandermosaik aus Pompeji (Verlag Aurel Bongers Recklinghausen, 1977).

Ada Cohen, The Alexander Mosaic: Stories of Victory and Defeat (Cambridge University Press, 1997).

Alexander. Krater [below, Alexander. Ruvo amphora].

Alexander. Ruvo amphora (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli). Battle of Issos: Alexander pursues Dareios [scanned by Dave Gartner, Graduate Assistant, from a Xerox copy from Andrew Stewart, Faces of Power. Alexander’s Image and Hellenistic Politics (Berkeley 1993) Figs. 26 [above, Alexander. Krater] and 27 (end of book)].

Palermo mosaic: Villa Bonanno. Ada Cohen, The Alexander Mosaic: Stories of Victory and Defeat

(Cambridge University Press, 1997) 77, Figure 48 [photograph-drawing]. Lion hunt [Alexander-Krateros, probably]. ca. 100 B.C. Affinities with fresco of Philip II’s tomb, Vergina. [Scanned by Dave Gartner, Graduate Assistant]

Wootton, W., “Another Alexander Mosaic: Reconstructing the Hunt Mosaic from Palermo,” JRA 15 (2002) 264-274.

Perugia, Etruscan (ash) urn. Alexander battle. Bernard Andreae, Das Alexandermosaik aus Pompeji (Verlag Aurel Bongers Recklinghausen, 1977) 16, Figure 21. [Scanned by Dave Gartner, Graduate Assistant]

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fy€syai ÉAl°jandron ceudØw fãtiw, e‡per élhyÆw

Fo›bow: énikÆtvn ëptetai oÈdÉ ÉA€dhw.

Parmenion (Makedon). The Greek Anthology. The Garland of Philip, etc., ed. A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, I (Cambridge 1968) 292, V.

tÊmbon ÉAlejãndroio MakhdÒnow ≥n tiw ée€dhi,

±pe€rouw ke€nou s∞ma l°gÉ émfot°raw.

Adaios. The Greek Anthology. The Garland of Philip, etc., ed. A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, I (Cambridge 1968) 6, V.

ka‹ Maked∆n ı s€dhrow §n êori ka‹ tå prÚw élkØn / t∞w épÉ ÉAlejãndrou xeirÚw §pistãmenow, / Pe€svn, sØn poy°vn ﬂkÒmhn x°ra, toËto d¢ fvn«: / ‘xa€rvn dejiterØn eron Ùfeilom°nhn.’

ÉAnt€patrow YessalonikeÊw. The Greek Anthology. The Garland of Philip, etc., ed. A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, I (Cambridge 1968) 36, XLII.

doËraw ÉAlejãndroio, l1°gei d° se grãmmatÉ §ke›non / §k pol°mou y°syai sÊmbolon ÉArt°midi / ˜plon énikÆtoio brax€onow. î kalÚn ¶gxow, / œi pÒntow ka‹ xy∆n e‰ke kradainom°nvi. / (5) ·layi, doËraw étarb°w: ée‹ d° se pçw tiw éyrÆsaw / tarbÆsei megãlhw mnhsãmenow palãmhw.

ÉAnt€filow. The Greek Anthology. The Garland of Philip, etc., ed. A.S.F. Gow and D.L. Page, I (Cambridge 1968) 104, XXI.

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Scholion to Third Olynthiac 33(34).2: oÈ bãrbarow; ÑUbr€sai toËton (=F€lippon) boulÒmenow (=Dhmosy°nhw) kale› aÈtÚn bãrbaron. ÉEpe‹ tÚ élhy¢w skopÆsei, eÍrÆsei aÈtÚn ÜEllhna ÉArge›on ka‹ épÚ ÑHrakl°ouw tÚ g°now katagÒmenon, …w pãntew oﬂ ﬂstoriko‹ marturoËsin: ém°lei ka‹ tÚn uﬂÚn aÍtoË, ÉAl°jandron, mikrÚn komidª ˆnta, énagag∆n eﬁw tÚ ÖArgow miò fulª t«n §n t“ ÖArgei §n°gracen.B. [C. Müller, Oratores Attici II, Paris 1858, 550]=ÉArx. ÉEfhm. 1993 (1995) 23, under I.

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Philostratos, BIOI SOFISTVN, BÉ, aÉ. Per‹ ÑHr≈dou toË ÉAyhna€ou.

…, êrti d¢ ¥kvn §w tØn ÑR≈mhn ı LoÊkiow ≥reto tÚn aÈtokrãtora proÛÒnta, po› bad€zoi ka‹ §fÉ ˜ ti, ka‹ ı Mçrkow <<kalÚn>> ¶fh <<ka‹ ghrãskonti tÚ manyãnein: e‰mi dØ prÚw S°jton tÚn filÒsofon mayhsÒmenow, ì oÎpv o‰da>>. ka‹ ı LoÊkiow §jãraw tØn xe›ra §w tÚn oÈranÚn <<Œ ZeË>> ¶fh <<ı ÑRvma€vn basileÁw ghrãskvn ≥dh d°lton §jacãmenow §w didaskãlou foitò, ı d¢ §mÚw basileÁw ÉAl°jandrow dÊo ka‹ triãkonta (Ãn/§t«n) ép°yanen>>. épÒxrh ka‹ tå eﬁrhm°na de›jai tØn ﬁd°an, ∂n §filosÒfei LoÊkiow, …

Kapetanopoulos, Elias, "An Athenian-Makedonian Marriage of Alexander's Line," BS 31.2 (1990) 259-264, 265-267, Appendix.

Syll.³, No. 576 [IG XI(4), No. 750], lines 3-4: … ÉAl°jandrow Fil€ppou, épÒgo/now Ãn basil°vw ÉAlejãndrou/ … (init. s. II a. )=BS 31.2 (1990) 263 and 266, D.

Cf. SEG 48 (1998=2001), No. 503: [ÉAl]°jandrow. ÑO épÒgonow;

IG II² 3679=E.M. 10476 [med. s. III p.]

Photographed by this writer at the Epigraphikon in early August of 1992. Text from photograph:

égay∞i tÊxhi

≤ épÚ d&doÊxvn

ka‹ g°nouw épÚ Pe-

rikl°ouw ka‹ KÒnv-

now, katå d¢ MakedÒ- (5)

new épÚ ÉAlejãn-

d(r)ou ÑOnoratianØ

Poluxarm‹w tØn

[é]fÉ •st€aw ÉIoun€an

[Ye]mistÒkleian (10)

[tØn yugat°ra].

Line 6 ad init.: new; line 7 ad init.: dou; line 10: the mi may be partially visible and should be dotted.

(I looked at the squeeze on the 18^th-VIII-70, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, and at the stone in the Epigraphic Museum on the 13^th-VIII-92).

BS 31.2 (1990) 259-264.

IG II² 3710 [init. s. III p.]

ÑOnvratianØn/ Poluxarm€da/ tØn ka‹ Fainar°/thn ÑOnvratianoË /(5) Poluxãrmou ka‹/ Klaud€aw Yemisto/kle€aw yugat°ra,/ Klaud€vn PrajagÒrou ka‹ Fil€ppou/ (10) t«n d&douxhsãn/tvn épÒgonon,/ tØn éfÉ •st€aw.

BCH 92 (1968) 507, No. 50: ÑOnvratianØ Poluxarm‹w ≤ ka‹ Fainar°th, et alii. BS 31.2 (1990) 260-261.

Honoratianus Polycharmos (lines 4-5) hailed from Beroia (B. Tataki, Ancient Beroea; Prosopography and Society [MeletÆmata 8, Athens 1988] 239, No. 977: ÑOnvratianÚw PolÊxarmow); BS 31.2 (1990) 261 (O. Walter, Arch. Anzeiger 57 [1942] 178, No. 16)=L. GOUNAROPOULOU-M.B. XATZOPOULOU, EPIGRAFES KATV MAKEDONIAS, TEUXOS AÉ, EPIGRAFES BEROIAS (AYHNA 1998) 187, ér. 99, metå fvtograf€aw:

katå tÚ dÒjan to›w/ krat€stoiw sun°droiw/ ÑOnvratianÚw PolÊ/xarmow Aﬁl€ou Po/tãmvnow toË patrÚw/ tå pãnta éndrÚw é/r€stou ka‹ kosm€ou/ tÚn éndriãnta én°/[sthsen (part below text shows damage; this writer’s photograph below)].

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SUGXRONOS BIBLIOGRAFIA <>MODERN SCHOLARSHIP

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<<Xtupçte, pelekçte, [paidiã], tÚn [ÉAl°jandro], d¢n tÚn tromãzei (≤ énaye≈rhsiw), fvtiã, sfur‹ kiÉ émÒni>>

[ParallagØ épÚ ÉAristot°louw Balavr€tou << O KATSANTVNHS>>]

Badian, Ernst, 'A Note on the "Alexander Mosaic"' in The Eye Expanded: Life and the Arts in Greco-

Roman Antiquity, edd. Frances B. Titchener and Richard F. Moorton, Jr. (UofC Press; Berkeley, 1999) 86-88. [See under Holt below.]

NOTE: The "dead" tree next to young Alexander [on his left in the façade of Philip II’s tomb at Vergina] resembles in a way the tree [by the left side of Alexander] in the Alexander Mosaic [which E. Badian would call the Darius Mosaic. It is true that Dareios' figure stands tall, but Dareios appears to be in a state of anxiety, whereas Alexander with a fixed look eyes the enemy, as he spears through a Persian with his long sarissa [For Alexander's pose, cf., e.g., The Archaeology of Athens and Attica under the Democracy, eds. W.D.E. Coulson, O. Palagia, T.L. Shear, Jr., H.A. Shapiro and F.J. Frost (Oxbow Monograph 37, 1994) 132, Fig. 2. Bl°pontew mØ bl°pein, Polybios 12.24.6: bl°pontaw mØ bl°pein]. This motif of 'Alexander-"dead" tree' appears also in a close parallel in the lion hunt mosaic from Palermo (Cohen, below, 77, Fig. 48; see above), for the young rider by the dead tree about to spear the lion has been identified as Alexander (Cohen, below, 76). The "dead" tree by Alexander is an artistic motif of identification, and one may recall Alexander's oak tree at Chaironeia mentioned by Plutarch in Alexander 9.2: ¶ti d¢ ka‹ kay' hmçw §de¤knuto palaiå parå tÚn KhfisÚn ÉAlejãndrou kaloum°nh drËw, prÚw ¥n tÒte kateskÆnvse, ka‹ tÚ poluãndrion oÈ pÒrrv tvn MakedÒnvn §st€n. Moreover, the "dead" tree projects Alexander's image more than a living tree with foliage would have done, and at the same time the Persian concentration magnifies Alexander's odds of victory. As for Alexander being depicted in the mosaic bare-headed, cf. Nikolaos of Myra in Andrew Erskine, “Life after Death: Alexandria and the Body of Alexander, Greece&Rome 49.2 (October 2002) 176: <<… He (=Alexander) built his city (=Alexandria) near the sea, which he himself stands near. And the form of the statue reveals his nature. First, he is carried riding high on a horse; not a horse that anyone could easily ride, but one suitable to the dangers that he faced. And the animal’s vehemence evokes the speed of his campaigns. Next, he has no helmet on his head. For he who intends to subdue and survey the whole earth has no need of helmets. Everything he has seized in his advance seems to lie in his eyes. … His hair, unconfined, streams in the wind and onward rush of the horse. Its locks appear like the rays of the sun. …>>. [Note 54 therein: Ps. Libanius, Progymnasmata 27, etc.] (copied with minor changes from Makedonis I: Alexandros-Philippos-Kleitos o Melas [web site herein])

Bosworth, A. B., Alexander and the East (Oxford, 1996). See under Holt below.

A review paper by Victor Parker: http://www.clas.canterbury.ac.nz/nzact/curr/alex3.html

Paper presented at the 1997 NZACT Conference

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*Holt, Frank L., "Alexander the Great Today: In the Interests of Historical Accuracy?", The Ancient

History Bulletin Previews [Internet, printed by this writer, 29-2-2000]. A balanced criticism of E. Badian and A. B. Bosworth's and Ian Worthington's adopted methodology (-gies) of painting an all evil Alexander [herein]. Worthington below.

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Reames-Zimmerman, Jeanne, "An Atypical Affair? Alexander the Great, Hephaestion Amyntoros and the

Nature of their Relationship," AHB 13.3 (1999) 81-96. VS EPI POLU KATASKEUASMA EIKASIVN.

Rice. E. E., Alexander the Great (Pocket Biographies, paper edition 1998). Pp. 128. (non vidi)

[=Pamphlet: Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Contoversial Issues in Western Civilization, Mitchell & Mitchell eds. [Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, 2000]: Part 1: The Classical World, Issue 2: Does Alexander the Great Merit His Exalted Historical Reputation? [N.G.L. Hammond, Yes; E.E. Rice, No (sample copy sent by publisher)].]

Translated into Greek, by D°spoina Rissãkh [EkdÒseiw <<Nef°lh>.>, sel. 87]. TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 08-09-2003. Sel. P22/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17734P221: MEGAS ALEJANDROS / <<H eleuyer€a tvn EllÆnvn °gine kraugÆ...>>, MANVLHS PIMPLHS [Online].

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 09-09-2003, Sel. P24/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17735P241 [Online]: MEGAS ALEJANDROS / KataktÆseiw kai <<flert>> me th yeopo€hsh (MANVLHS PIMPLHS). Sun°xeia épÚ t«n énvt°rv. More after the above.

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 10-09-2003, Sel. P28/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17736P281 [Online]: MEGAS ALEJANDROS / Me xar°mia kai persikÆ amf€esh (MANVLHS PIMPLHS). Sun°xeia épÚ t«n énvt°rv. More after the above.

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 12-09-2003, Sel. P26/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17738P261 [Online]: MEGAS ALEJANDROS / Ton proskunoÊsan ki antap°dide me fil€ (MANVLHS PIMPLHS). Sun°xeia. More from E.E. Rice’s book.

Spann, Philip O., "Alexander at the Beas: Fox in a Lion's Skin" in The Eye Expanded. Life and the Arts

in Greco-Roman Antiquity, edd. Frances B. Titchener and Richard F. Moorton, Jr. (UofC Press; Berkeley, 1999) 62-74. See Worthington below, p. 44, note 17.

Whitmarsh, Tim "Alexander's Hellenism and Plutarch's textualism" CQ 52.1 (2002) 174-192.

The study’s agenda is set by its opening paragraphs, which compromise it, even though an Alexander may emerge from Plutarch’s Life as the author so asserts therein.

Worthington, Ian, "How 'Great' was Alexander?", AHB 13.2 (1999) 39-55. See under Holt above.

Worthington, Ian, AHB: Previews (online: 3 Apr. 2000): A reply to Holt's reply [above]. Worthington's

reply: It is overlabored a little to defend positions taken, although one would agree with him [at the end] that different images of Alexander may emerge, but these images must rest on solid evidence and not on mere speculation [or overstretching of the evidence in order to obtain desirable results, in this instance to show how bad Alexander was, because his behavior deviates from contemporary, recognized "norms"].

ELEUYEROTUPIA, T°xnew, Tr€th, 17 Septembr€ou 2002 [On-line]: ApÒ <<M. Alejãndrou>>,

odÒw <<Mar€aw Kãllaw>>, eﬁw Yessalon€khn (briefly reported).

TA NEA, ORIZONTES, PEMPTH, 19-09-2002, Sel. P53, KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17443P531 [On-line]: O drÒmow e€xe ton dikÒ tou mÊyo: Mar€a Kãllaw.

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Adriani, Achille, La tomba di Alessandro. Realta ipotesi e fantasie (L’Herma, Roma, 2000). XVIII+125

pagine; XXXI tav. f.t. b/n+VI tav. col. US$ 166.

Alexander the Great: Reality and Myth, edd. Jesper Carlsen, Bodil Due, Otto Steen Due, Birte Poulsen

("L'Erma" di Bretschneider, Roma MCMXCIII=1997).

Alexander der Grosse. Eine Welteroberung und Ihr Hintergrund. Vorträge des Internationalen Bonner

Alexanderkolloquiums, 19-21.12.1996, ed. W. Will (Bonn 1998). [non vidi]

Anecdota Graeca, ed. John A. Cramer, I (Hildesheim 1967=1839)[43-45]: ToË Fil∞ kuroË

ManouØl toË ÉEfes€ou st€xoi eﬁw tÚn basil°a ÉAl°jandron, ka‹ ToË AÈtoË, metafrastiko‹ épÒ tinow toË LoukianoË lÒgvn eﬁw eﬁkÒna ¶xousan §zvgrafhm°nhn tÚn toË ÉAlejãndrou gãmon.

Asirvatham, Sulo, Macedonia and Memory: The Legacy of Alexander in Second Rhetoric and

Historiography (dissertation, Columbia University, 1999-2000 [=APhA Newsletter 23.3 (June 2000) 8]).

Auberger, Janick, Historiens d’ Alexandre, ekd. Les Belles Lettres [Zan€k Omperz°, <<Istoriko€ tou

Alejãndrou>>, epilogÆ-metãfrash] – Under DIAFORA (below): H KAYHMERINH, KURIAKH 25 Noembr€ou 2001.

Badian, Ernst, "Alexander the Great between two thrones and Heaven: variations on an old

theme" in Subject and Ruler: The Cult of the Ruling Power in Classical Antiquity, ed. Alastair Small (Ann Arbor, MI, 1996) 11-26.

BasilikopoÊlou, ÉAgnÆ, O MEGAS ALEJANDROS TVN BUZANTINVN. OI BUZANTINOI

EPIGONOI TOU MEGALOU ALEJANDROU, ARXAIA MAKEDONIA STÉ, BÉ (YES/NIKH 1996=1999) 1303-1315, No. 104.

Baynham, Elizabeth, "Why Didn't Alexander Marry before Leaving Macedonia?" (Observations on

Factional Politics at Alexander's Court in 336-334 B.C.), RhM 141.2 (1998) 141-152.

NOTE: Philip's mother was not "not Macedonian" (p. 150). See this writer's "Sirras" in AncW 25.1 (1994) 9-14.

Baynham, Elizabeth, Alexander the Great: The Unique History of Quintus Curtius (The Univ. of

Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 1998). Reviews by Holger Koch in Histos 3 (1999) [Internet] and Lynette G. Mitchell in BMCR 00.02.04 [Internet]. Andrew Erskine, JHS 120 (2000) 185-186. J. Rufus Fears, AJPh 122.3 (2001) 447-451.

Baynham, Elizabeth, “Alexander and the Amazons,” Cl. Quart. 51.1 (2001) 115-126.

P. 125: “Philip II was the son of an Illyrian woman”. An incorrect statement which undermines in a way Baynham’s argument(s) therein [cf. this writer’s article in the AncW 25.1 (1994) 9-14: Sirras]. The citing also of Alexander’s mother, Olympias, who descended from the “Molossian royal house”, for support of her line of thought, is weak, since both Olympias and Philip II descended from royal houses that traced their lineage to the great heroes Achilles and Herakles [so their marriage is not foreign, as this may be understood, for it originates from within the “system”, so-to-speak; that is, from a common cultural experience].

Blackwell, Christopher W., In the Absence of Alexander: Harpalus and the Failure of Macedonian

Authority (Peter Lang – New York 1999).

Reviewed by Christopher Ehrhardt in BMCR, 21.05.2001 [Internet].

Borza, Eugene N., and Zimmerman, Jeanne R., "Some New Thoughts on Alexander's Death"

inAbstracts APhA 130th Meeting, 27-30 December 1998, p. 132 [presentation, 29-12-99].

=Eugene N. Borza and Jeanne Reames-Zimmerman, "Some New Thoughts on the Death of Alexander the Great," AncW 31.1 (2000) 22-30.

David W. Oldach, M.D., University of Maryland School of Medicine: Clinicopathological Conference, 9 February 1996/ Protocol [page distributed at Borza's-Zimmerman's presentation above, and a cause advanced then: Salmonella Type B- enteritis].

The New England Journal of Medicine, 11 June 1998, vol. 338, No. 24: A Mysterious Death (online). [15-6-98]

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 24.4, June 1997, 294-296: Did Alexander the Great die of acute pancreatitis? (Sbarounis CN) [online]. [16-6-98]

ApÚ ti p°yane o M°gaw Al°jandrow;, TO BHMA, KuriakÆ, 16-8-98, A42, A43.

Bosworth, A. B., <<Alexander, Euripides, and Dionysos. The Motivation for Apotheosis>> in Transitions to Empire. Essays in Greco-Roman History, 360-146 B.C., in honor of E. Badian, edited by Robert W. Wallace and Edward M.

Harris [University of Oklahoma Press, Norman and London, 1996] 140-166, Chapter Seven.

Bosworth, A. B. and Baynham, E.J., Alexander the Great in fact and fiction (Oxford

University Press, 2000)

Introduction [1-22]

Bosworth, Brian, A Tale of Two Empires: Alexander the Great and

Hernan Cortes [23-49]

Badian, Ernst, Conspiracies [50-95]

Flower, Michael, Alexander the Great and Panhellenism [96-135]

Fredricksmeyer, Ernst, Alexander the Great and the Kingdom of Asia [136-166]

Palagia, Olga, Hephaestion's Pyre and Alexander's Royal Hunt [167-206]

Bosworth, Brian, Ptolemy and the Will of Alexander [207-241]

Baynham, Elizabeth, A Baleful Birth in Babylon: The Significance of the Prodigy in the Libre de Morte. An Investigation of Genre [242-262]

Carney, Elizabeth, Artifice and Alexander History [263-285]

Billows, Richard, Polybius, Alexander the Great and Hieronymus of

Cardia [286-306]

Atkinson, John, Originality and its Limits in the Alexander Sources of

the Early Empire [307-325]

Bosworth, A. B., The Legacy of Alexander: Politics, Warfare, and Propaganda under the Successors (Oxford

University Press, 2002).

Preface, v-vii; Contents, ix; Abbreviations, x-xiii; 1. Introduction, 1-28; 2. The Politics of the Babylon Settlement, 29-63; 3. Macedonian Numbers at the Death of Alexander the Great, 64-97; 4. The Campaign in Iran: Turbulent Satraps and Frozen Elephants, 98-168; 5. Hieronymus’ Ethnography: Indian Widows and Nabataean Nomads, 169-209; 6. The Rise of Seleucus, 210-245; 7. Hellenistic Monarchy: Success and Legitimation, 246-278; Appendix: Chronology of events between 323 and 311 BC, 279-284; Bibliography, 285-296; Index, 297-307.

Briant, Pierre, Lettre ouverte a Alexandre le Grand [Arles: Actes sud, 2008]. [non vidi, 2 June 2009]

Cammarota, Maria Rubina, "Note Critiche a Plutarco, De Alexandri Magni Fortuna aut Virtute (Or. II)"

in Seconda Miscellanea Filologica, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Quaderni del Dipartimento di Scienze dell' Antichita 17 (Napoli 1995) 185-200.

Cohen, Ada, The Alexander Mosaic. Stories of Victory and Defeat (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997).

D'Angelo, Annamaria, "Un <<encomio>> di Alessandro Magno in Plutarco: Il De Alexandri Magni

Fortuna aut Virtute, Or. I" in Seconda Miscellanea Filologica, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Quaderni del Dipartimento di Scienze dell' Antichita 17 (Napoli 1995) 173-184.

Demetriou, Kyriakos N., “Historians on Macedonian Imperialism and Alexander the Great,” JMGS 19

(2001) 23-60 [56-60: References Cited].

A discussion of George Grote’s Alexander and the Alexander of Kvnstant€now PaparrhgÒpoulow [Konstantinos Paparregopoulos].

De Polignac, F., “From the Mediterranean to Universality? The Myth of Alexander, Yesterday and Today,”

MedHistReview 14.1 (1999) 1-17. [non vidi]

DIEYNES SUNEDRIO ALEJANDROS O MEGAS: APO TH MAKEDONIA STHN

OIKOUMENH, BEROIA 27-31/5ou/1998 [BEROIA 1999] (INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS Alexander the Great: From Macedonia to the Oekoumene Veria 27-31/5/1998). Participants: Greeting the participants, Andr°aw Blazãkhw, the nomarch of Emathia; Miltiãdhw B. XatzÒpoulow, 15; Mar€a Lilimpãkh-Akamãth, 23; XrusoÊla SaatsÒglou-Paliad°lh, 37; Klaus Fittschen, 49; Mahmoud Sakr, 61; St°lla DroÊgou, x; Stella G. Miller, 75; Anne-Marie Guimier-Sorbets, 89; Beryl Barr-Sharrar, 97; Angeliki Kottaridou, 113; Ivãnnhw Tourãtsoglou, 121; Fawzi El Fakharani, 135; Mahmud El Saadani, 141; P.M. Fraser, 147; Wolfram Hoepfner, 155; Naif Haddad, 161; Mohamed Edweb, 173; Amos Kloner, 185; Tikva Levine, 201; Pierre Briant, 209; Nasser Takmil Homayoun, 219; Paul Bernard, 225; Saifur Rahman Dar, 243; and Sadegh Malek Shahmirzadi, 249.

Dillery, J., <<Alexander’s Tomb at “Rhacotis”: Ps.Callisth. 3.34.5 and the Oracle of the Potter>>, ZPE

148 (2004) 253-258.

Droysen, J.G., <<ISTORIA TOU MEGALOU ALEJANDROU>>, "3rd fully revised and enriched

edition" by R°now, Hrkow kai Stãnthw Apostol¤dhw, 2 vols. [Alpha Credit Bank, Athens 1999]. TA NEA, PANORAMA, 29-04-99 (online). A collector's edition.

REVIEW: Michel Sève, REG 113 (2000) 244-245. Edition’s contribution on Alexander.

H KAYHMERINH, KURIAKH 3 IOUNIOU 2001, 46, t°xnew KAI GRAMMATA: R°now HraklÆ Apostol€dhw [sun°nteujiw]. UIOI: Hrkow, Stãnthw.

Erskine, Andrew, “Life after Death: Alexandria and the Body of Alexander,” G&R 49.2 (2002) 163-179.

Fildes, Alan, and Fletcher, Joann, Alexander the Great: Son of the Gods [J. Paul Getty Museum,

September 2002]. Illustrated.

Fletcher, Joann, under Fildes, Alan, above.

Hammond, Nicholas G.L., TA PROBLHMATA KAI TA EPITEUGMATA TVN MEGALVN

MAKEDONVN FILIPPOU KAI ALEJANDROU, EMS, MAKEDONIKH LAIKH BIBLIOYHKH ér. 31 (Yes/n€kh 1982). Sel. 15.

Hammond, N.G.L., Sources for Alexander the Great. An Analysis of Plutarch's Life and Arrian's

Anabasis Alexandrou (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993).

Hammond, N.G.L., "The Meaning of Arrian, Anabasis 7.9.5," JHS 119 (1999) 166-168. Hammond

translates and analyzes 7.9.5, with the view that Makedonia is the "excluded part" of thw êllhw ÑEllãdow therein [p. 167]. However, the full phrase is sumpãshw thw êllhw ÑEllãdow, which may include Makedonia, too [ÉArx. ÉEfhm. 1993 (1995) 21-22, E], although from the passage it appears the excluded part is PelopÒnnhson [cf. also Alexander I to the Athenians at Plataiai in Herodotos, IX.45: oÈ går ¶legon, ei mØ megãlvw §khdÒmhn sunapãshw thw ÑEllãdow, ktl., by which sunapãshw Alexander I probably includes also Makedonia (ÉArx. ÉEfhm. 1993 [1995] 24, under N)]. As cited by Hammond [p. 167], a distinction of Hellas and Peloponnesos is found in Demosthenes, PERI THS PARAPRESBEIAS 303: t¤w o suskeuãzesyai tØn ÑEllãda ka‹ PelopÒnnhson F¤lippon bovn, Ímçw d¢ kayeÊdein; Some lines before 7.9.5, Alexander seems to exclude Thessalia from Hellas and that Hellas (ÑEllãda) began with the Phokians or perhaps after their country [7.9.4]. Moreover, from this last passage, it appears that as far at it concerned Alexander Hellas (ÑEllãda) was ÉAyhna¤ouw te ka¤ Yhba¤ouw, the two enemies of Makedonia. Finally, Alexander's apparent exclusion of Peloponnesos from the rest of Hellas [7.9.5 herein] may appear to be an "absurdity", but he probably has the Lakedaimonians in mind who could be equated in a way with the Peloponnesos [cf. Iliad IX. 335-336: …, §meË (=ÉAxill°vw) d' épÚ moÊnou ÉAxaivn/ e·let' (=ÉAgam°mnvn g°raw), ¶xei d' êloxon (wife/concubine, for rhetorical effect) yumar°a; A. B. Bosworth, From Arrian to Alexander: Studies in Historical Interpretation (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1988) 111-112]. It should also be borne in mind that Alexander's speech at Opis belongs to the year 324 B.C. and the Makedones hearing it were thousands of miles away from events at home which had happened some years earlier.

Hammond, N.G.L., "Alexander's Newly-founded Cities," GRBS 39.3 (1998=2000) 243-269. A review

of Tarn's and Fraser's views.

Hammond, N.G.L., Collected Studies V: Further Studies on Various Topics (Adolf M. Hakkert & W. Kos,

Amsterdam 2001)

P. 13, No. 3=PRAKTIKA THS AKADHMIAS AYHNVN 1996.

P. 29, No. 6=GRBS 37 (1996) 23-53.

P. 163, No. 18=GRBS 39 (1998) 243-269.

P. 225 [223-224, Appendix], No. 23=MURTOS {(Athens 2000)} (YESSALONIKH

2000) 315-320.

Pp. 233-243, No. 25: Alexander the Great, the Ancient Macedonians and their Influence

in World History.

HliÒpoulow, Gi≈rgow Z., <<O Agnvstow Al°jandrow>.> EkdÒseiw Epikoinvn€ew, sel. 250, timÆ:

20 eur≈. TA NEA, ORIZONTES, 06-09-2003, Sel. P34/ KvdikÒw ãryrou: A17733P342 [Online], STEFANOS KRIKKHS. Alexander’s reforms of the monetaty system [the silver Attic system which displaces the gold system of exchange – kãti t°toio].

Kapetanopoulos, Elias, "Alexander's Patrius Sermo in the Philotas Affair", The Ancient World

30.2 (1999) 117-128.

Corrigenda, pages:

117 (bottom): 4639.6. = 4639.6

119, bottom: after him, add: 6.7.29-30).

119, note 8: The correct reference to E.N. Borza is "The Ancient

Macedonians: A Methodological Model," MeditArch 7 (1994='95) 19.

120, Philotas begins …. Lines aliarum/above). should be to the right under sic.

122, No. 2. Macedonicus sermo. From the end of 1a (above),

transpose 4l-49 to the space before Macedonicus sermo.

124, note 20. At the end the [W€low b€low]) should read [W€low=b€low?].

126, under No.16: for ped€on/nÒmati, read ped€on Ù/nÒmati.

126, under No. 21: tÊpow' = tÊpow,

127, under No. 25: êrgow' = êrgow,

127, bottom: These instances show that the evidence=These instances of evidence…

Koch, Holger, "Todesmonat oder lebensdauer Alexanders des Grossen? Textkritische Bemerkungen zu

Iust. 12,16,1," Rh. Museum 143/3-4 (2000) 326-337.

Laskarãtow, Ivãnnhw (ofyalm€atrow), ALEJANDROS O MEGAS. DUO NEOTERES

IATROISTORIKES PROTASEIS GIA TO BASILEA TVN MAKEDONVN. ANAIRESH THS YEVRIAS ESSER PERI NOYOU GENNHSEVS (J&J Hellas, Athens 1995). 3.640 drx. [tÒte]. Sel. 173 [English summary, 161-165: Katãlogow EﬁkÒnvn, 167-173, ér. 1-85].

Mack, Rainer Towle, “Ambiguity and the Image of the King,” Journal of Homosexuality 27.1/2 (1994)

11-34. An interpretation of the <<Alexander and a woman>> fresco from Pompeii [illustrated on p. 14], dating from A.D. 50-75. The “Persian” soldier behind Alexander looks more like a Makedonian soldier [cf. frescoes from the Agios Athanasios Makedonian tomb]. As to the woman, cf. the seated woman [and Alexander] in the fresco from the villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale, with the variations of the two frescoes in mind.

Manfredi, Valerio Massimo, <<MEGAS ALEJANDROS. O GIOS TOU ONEIROU>>, tÒmow A'.

Metãfrash: Euãggelow Kefallon€thw. EkdÒseiw <<Libãnh>>. Sel€dew: 405. TimÆ: 4.000 drx. [EYNOS, Sãbbato 24/7/99, sel. 52].

McKendrick, Scot, The History of Alexander the Great (J. Paul Getty Museum, 1996). A reproduction “in

color (of) all fourteen images (of) a fifteenth-century manuscript, … Titled Les fais d’Alexandre le grant, the manuscript is itself a translation of a text attributed to first-century Roman historian Quintus Curtius Rufus …”

MEGAS ALEJANDROS: 2300 XRONIA APO TON YANATO TOU (AFIERVMA

ETAIREIAS MAKEDONIKVN SPOUDVN, Yessalon€kh 1980).

Mencken, H. L., “Alexander, Combat Psychology, and Persepolis,” Antichthon 35 (2201) 30-44.

Moreno, Paolo, Apelle: La battaglia di Alessandro (Greand Libri Skira, Milan 2000).

Reviewed by Ruth Westgate in AJA 106.2 (2002) 335-336.

Moreno, Paolo, Apelles: The Alexander Mosaic. Milan: Skira,

2001. Pp. 136. $45.00.

ISBN 88-8118-864-3.

Morrison, Gary, “Alexander, Combat Psychology, and

Persepolis,” Antichthon 35 (2001=2002) 30-44.

Events in Greece > soldiers’ morale > Hellenic Crusade: burning of palace.

Mossé, Claude, Alexandre, la destinée d’ un mythe, ekd. Payot [Klont Mos°, to <<Peprvm°no enÒw

mÊyou>>] – Under DIAFORA (below): H KAYHMERINH, KURIAKH 25 Noembr€ou 2001.

O'Neil, James L., (trials during and after Alexander), Antichthon 33 (1999=2000) 28-47.

O’Neil, James L., “Royal Authority and City Law under Alexander and His Hellenistic Successors,”

Cl.Quarterly N.S. 50(2) [2000] 424-431.

Papathomas, Amphilochios, "Der erste beleg für die "Historische Quelle" des Alexanderromans

(Identifizierung und Neuedition der Vorlage für Pseudo-Kallisthenes, Historia Alexandri Magni I 42)," Philologus 144.2 (2000) 217-226.

Papisca, Maria, IMMAGINI DELLA IMITATIO ALEXANDRI IN ETA SEVERIANA. I MEDAGLIONI

DI TARSO, ARXAIA MAKEDONIA STÉ, BÉ (YES/NIKH 1996=1999) 859-869, 870-871, Figs. 1-6 [No. 67].

Probatãkhw, Yeoxãrhw Mix., Makedon€a: M°gaw Al°jandrow [t∞w §fhmer€dow EYNOS,

ISBN 960-85209-0-8] (ELLHNIKH EYNIKH GRAMMH A.E., 1995, fa€netai). Color Illustrations.

Reames-Zimmerman, Jeane, "The Mourning of Alexander the Great", Syllecta Classica 12 (2001).

Rogers, Guy MacLean, Alexander the Great: The Ambiguity of Grteatness [Random House, Nov. 2004].

Rosenberger, Veit, “Wer machte aus Alexander “den Grossen”?,” Historia 47.4 (1998) 485-489.

Sarikãkhw, YeÒdvrow X. O MEGAS ALEJANDROS KAI H XIOS, ARXAIA MAKEDONIA

STÉ, BÉ, (YES/NIKH 1996=1999) 1003-1010, No. 79.

Slowikowski, Synthia Sydnor, Sport and culture in the ancient Macedonian society [a Pennsylvania State

University dissertation, 1988=UMI Dissertation Services, 1996] 110-125.

Spencer, Diana, The Roman Alexander. Reading a Cultural Myth. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2002.

Pp. 277. $26.95 (pb). ISBN 0-85989-678-1.

Stewart, Andrew, FACES OF POWER. Alexander’s Image and Hellenistic Politics [Univ. of California,

Berkeley 1993]. Color: Figs. 1-8c (between pp. 280-281). Black&White: Figs. 1-188-91 (end of book).

TA GEFURIA TOU MEGALEJANTROU=H KAYHMERINH, EPTA HMERES, KuriakØ 13

Febrouar€ou 2000, 24: ÖAlvrow 'Almvp€aw, Kãstro (PÊrgoi 'Eorda€aw), ÉEleuyerox«ri Greben«n (Did Alexander pass through <<Eleutherochori>> on his way to Thebes in 335 B.C.?)

TO MUYHSTORHMA TOU ALEJANDROU (The Greek Alexander Romance)=KVDIJ 5

ELLHNIKOU INSTITOUTOU BENETIAS [EJANTAS EKDOTIKH A.E., AYHNA 1997]. An oversize (16 3/4 in. x 11 in.) in facsimile, color edition of the illuminated Venice Hellenic Institute Codex Gr. 5. 31.620-39.520 drx. A collector's edition.

Waugh, Earle H., "Alexander in Islam: the sacred persona in Muslim rulership adab" in Subject and

Ruler: The Cult of the Ruling Power in Classical Antiquity, ed. Alastair Small (Ann Arbor, MI, 1996) 237-253.

Wood, Michael, In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great. A Journey from Greece to Asia (Uof C

Press, Berkeley 1997). Web site: http://www.pbs.org/mpt/alexander/.

REVIEW: Janet Burnett Grossman, BMCR (online), 98.4.5, Wood, In the Footsteps of Alexander [3 printed pages].

Zevi, Fausto, “Die Casa del Fauno in Pompeji und das Alexandermosaik,” MDAI® 105 (1998) 21-65.

[non vidi]

Zimmerman, Jeanne R., see under Borza above.

Zvrzow, GrhgÒrhw, Per‹ texnikvn Megãlou Alejãndrou (°kdosiw: TexnikÚ EpimelhtÆrio

Ellãdow [=MakedonikÚ Praktore€o EidÆsevn, 07/05/99 (online)]. [From e-mail (1 Feb. 2000): This is vol. V of "Economics of Alexander the Great", and it [1st ed.] can be ordered from the Technical Chamber of Greece, Fax: 00301-32.21.772; 2nd ed. forthcoming.]

========================

Pers«n pr°sbeiw: Plutarch, Alexander 5.1 [Alexander questions the ambassadors about Persia and the

Persians].

> Herodotos, 5.17-22.1: Alexander A’ has the Persian envoys killed and their bodies and belongings disposed.

-----------------------------------------

Plutarch, Alexander 4.5: …., éllå ka‹ t«n per‹ aÈtÚn [=ÉAl°jandron] épopeirvm°nvn eﬁ

boÊloitÉ ín ÉOlump€asin égvn€sasyai stãdion, ∑n går pod≈khw, “E‡ ge,” ¶fh, “basile›w ¶mellon ßjein éntagvnistãw”.

> Herodotos, 5.22: Alexander I participated in the Olympics in the stãdion and perhaps won [ka‹ égvnizÒmenow stãdion sunej°pipte t“ pr≈tƒ]. See Alexandros A’ in this web site, under CENTER FOR ATHENIAN-MAKEDONIAN STUDIES.

Didn’t Alexander know that his namesake had run at the Olympics against “non-kings”?

=========================

Elias Kapetanopoulos

Professor Dr. (Greece-Rome)

Department of History

Central Connecticut State University

New Britain, CT 06050-4010 (USA)

Telephone:

(860) 832-2820 (office)

(860) 832-2804 (fax)

(860) 229-9960 (home)

E-mail: Kapetanopoulos@ccsu.edu

Web site: www.history.ccsu.edu/elias/elias.htm

Areas of Research: Attic epigraphy-Athenian institutions of the Roman period (200 B.C.-3rd c. A.D.), and early Makedon(ia)/Makedones.